MALDI-TOF-IMS在蛋白质组学研究中的新进展

基质辅助激光解吸/电离-飞行时间质谱成像(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-IMS)技术已成为目前蛋白质组学研究中的经典技术,是一种研究生物组织切片中蛋白质和小分子物质分布的工具。MALDI-TOF-IMS通过单次扫描就能够同时分析生物组织切片中的各种未知组分,在保持组织中细胞和分子完整性的同时获取组织的分子成像图。近年来,质谱成像技术在生物医学各领域中有了较快发展,本文综合文献资料对MALDI-TOF-IMS技术目前的发展水平、质谱成像原理、方法学以及在法医病理学中的应用前景进行了综述。     

Facial Soft Tissue Depth Statistics and Enhanced Point Estimators for Craniofacial Identification: The Debut of the Shorth and the 75‐Shormax

Several methods that have customarily been used in craniofacial identification to describe facial soft tissue depths (FSTDs) implore improvement. They include the calculation of arithmetic means for skewed data, omission of concern for measurement uncertainty, oversight of effect size, and misuse of statistical significance tests (e.g., p‐values for strength of association). This paper redresses these limitations using FSTDs from 10 prior studies (N = 516). Measurement uncertainty was large (>20% of the FSTD), skewness (≥0.8) existed at 11 of the 23 FSTD landmarks examined, and sex and age each explained <4% of the total FSTD variance (η² calculated as part of MANOVA). These results call for a new and improved conceptualization of FSTDs, which is attained by the replacement of arithmetic means with shorths and 75‐shormaxes. The outcomes of this implementation are dramatic reduction in FSTD complexity; improved data accuracy; and new data‐driven standards for casework application of methods.     

用Oasis^TM固相柱研究检测腐败生物组织中的吗啡

目的建立一种适合大批量腐败生物检材的标准化分析测定方法。方法应用新型亲水亲酯的OasisTM固相柱,并使用Zymark全自动固相萃取仪,对腐败生物组织中的吗啡进行检测。结果与传统的C18固相柱相比较,OasisTM固相柱具有选择范围广、吸附能力强的特点,其方法操作简单、快速、重现性好及回收率高。结论该方法可应用于案件的检测工作。     

β-防御素caBD-1 mRNA在骆驼组织器官中的表达

根据已知的骆驼 β 防御素caBD 1cDNA序列设计了 1对预计扩增产物为 2 0 3bp的引物 ,通过RT PCR检测骆驼的整个消化道黏膜、肝、胰腺、气管黏膜、肺、肾、膀胱黏膜、卵巢、子宫内膜、脾、淋巴结、心等器官内caBD 1mRNA的表达。结果显示 :caBD 1mRNA在整个消化道、气管、膀胱、子宫等管状器官内的黏膜层有表达 ,而在实质性器官如心、肝、胰腺、肺、脾、淋巴结、卵巢、肾中无表达。提示 ,骆驼体内的这种内生性抗微生物肽有助于骆驼的黏膜宿主防御     

铊（TI）投毒案检验

目的　通过 11例中毒者分析研究铊中毒的症状 ,达到了解和认识铊中毒的目的。方法　收集 11例铊中毒的相关资料 ,分析铊中毒的特征。结果　铊中毒的共同特征是出现症状的时候都有四肢疼痛或麻木 ,同时伴有严重脱发。结论　铊中毒依个体的年龄、性别、状态及中毒量不同 ,其发病前具有一定潜伏期。但性别、年龄与死亡的时间关系目前尚不清     

The effects of corrosive substances on human bone, teeth, hair, nails, and soft tissue

Abstract: This research investigates the effects of household chemicals on human tissues. Five different human tissues (bone, tooth, hair, fingernails, and skin/muscle/fat) were immersed into six different corrosive agents. These agents consisted of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, lye, bleach, organic septic cleaner, and Coca‐Cola^® soda. Tap water was used as a control. Tissue samples were cut to consistent sizes and submerged in the corrosive liquids. Over time, the appearance, consistency, and weight were documented. Hydrochloric acid was the most destructive agent in this study, consuming most tissues within 24 h. Sulfuric acid was the second most destructive agent in this study. Bleach, lye, and cola had no structural effects on the hard tissues of the body, but did alter the appearance or integrity of the hair, nails, or flesh in some way. The organic septic cleaner and tap water had no effect on any of the human tissue tested during the timeframe of the study.     

The temporal fate of drugs in decomposing porcine tissue

Drug levels in decomposed individuals are difficult to interpret. Concentrations of 16 drugs were monitored in tissues (blood, brain, liver, kidney, muscle, and soil) from decomposing pigs for 1 week. Pigs were divided into groups (n = 5) with each group receiving four drugs. Drug cocktails were prepared from pharmaceutical formulations. Intracardiac pentobarbital sacrifice was 4 h after dosing, with tissue collection at 4, 24, 48, 96, and 168 h postdosing. Samples were frozen until assay. Detection and quantitation of drugs were through solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer analysis. Brain and kidneys were not available after 48 h; liver and muscle persisted for 1 week. Concentration of drugs increased during decomposition. During 1 week of decomposition, muscle showed average levels increasing but concentrations in liver were increased many fold, compared to muscle. Attempting to interpret drug levels in decomposed bodies may lead to incorrect conclusions about cause and manner of death.     

In vivo facial tissue depth study of Chinese-American adults in New York City

This study examines facial tissue depth in adult Chinese-Americans. Using ultrasound, measurements were taken at 19 landmarks across the faces of 101 individuals aged from 18 to 87 years. Summary statistics are reported for a sample of 67 individuals of normal weight (as determined by a body mass index [BMI] of 19-25). Statistical analyses were used to assess relationships between tissue thickness, age, and BMI. Results indicate that no significant relationship exists between tissue thickness and age for males, and for only 3/19 points in females. Also, only four points showed significant relationships between tissue thickness and sex. However, significant relationships exist between BMI and tissue thickness at multiple points for both males and females. Compared to other American and Asian populations in the literature, Chinese-Americans generally had thinner facial tissue; though, this difference was not assessed statistically. Finally, data generated in this study will add to the body of knowledge concerning facial tissue depth variation in modern humans.     

The Application of the Central Limit Theorem and the Law of Large Numbers to Facial Soft Tissue Depths: T‐Table Robustness and Trends since 2008,

By pooling independent study means (), the T‐Tables use the central limit theorem and law of large numbers to average out study‐specific sampling bias and instrument errors and, in turn, triangulate upon human population means (μ). Since their first publication in 2008, new data from >2660 adults have been collected (c.30% of the original sample) making a review of the T‐Table's robustness timely. Updated grand means show that the new data have negligible impact on the previously published statistics: maximum change = 1.7 mm at gonion; and ≤1 mm at 93% of all landmarks measured. This confirms the utility of the 2008 T‐Table as a proxy to soft tissue depth population means and, together with updated sample sizes (8851 individuals at pogonion), earmarks the 2013 T‐Table as the premier mean facial soft tissue depth standard for craniofacial identification casework. The utility of the T‐Table, in comparison with shorths and 75‐shormaxes, is also discussed.     

Propertisation and Commercialisation: On Controlling the Uses of Human Biomaterials

Third parties, such as researchers and biotech companies, can and do legally acquire property rights in biomaterials. They are protected by the law of property in their use of these. Recent legal decisions have seen a move towards the tentative explicit recognition of some property rights in biomaterials vesting in the source of the materials. However, this recognition has not included income rights. This article discusses the interests that parties have in controlling the uses of biomaterials and the commercial interests that stem from those uses. The article argues that concerns regarding the allocation of property rights to the source generally elide property rights in biomaterials with the right to derive income from the transfer of those materials. Propertisation does not analytically entail commercialisation. It is therefore questionable whether it is reasonable to protect third parties' income rights, while excluding the source of the biomaterials from such protection.