FACE‐R—A 3D Database of 400 Living Individuals' Full Head CT‐ and Face Scans and Preliminary GMM Analysis for Craniofacial Reconstruction

In the past, improvements in craniofacial reconstructions (CFR) methodology languished due to the lack of adequate 3D databases that were sufficiently large and appropriate for 3‐dimensional shape statistics. In our study, we created the “FACE‐R” database from CT records and 3D surface scans of 400 clinical patients from Hungary, providing a significantly larger sample that was available before. The uniqueness of our database is linking of two data types that makes possible to investigate the bone and skin surface of the same individual, in upright position, thus eliminating many of the gravitational effects on the face during CT scanning. We performed a preliminary geometric morphometric (GMM) study using 3D data that produces a general idea of skull and face shape correlations. The vertical position of the tip of the (soft) nose for a skull and landmarks such as rhinion need to be taken into account. Likewise, the anterior nasal spine appears to exert some influence in this regard.     

死亡大鼠看家基因mRNA时序性降解的组织差异性研究

目的研究死亡大鼠看家基因mRNA时序性降解的组织差异性,评价其用于死亡时间推断的价值。方法SD大鼠20只分为死后0、1、3、5、7d共5组,脊椎脱臼法处死大鼠,提取大鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑组织,在相应时间段提取RNA,应用一步法RT-PCR技术检测各组织中看家基因GAPDHmRNA和β-actinmRNA的水平,Vilber凝胶图像分析系统测定扩增产物IOD值,SPSS10．0统计软件对数据进行方差分析。结果GAPDHmRNA、β—actinmRNA扩增产物相对灰度与积分光密度值随死后经过时间的延长而逐渐减小,且与死亡时间显著相关,大鼠脾脏和脑组织GAPDHmRNA和β-actinmRNA在死后5d内可检出,心脏和肾脏在死后3d内可检出,而肝脏和肺脏GAPDHmRNA和β-actin mRNA降解较快,仅在死后1d内可检出。结论脑组织和脾脏中mRNA稳定性较好,适用于PMI特别是晚期PMI的推断。除环境温度外,环境湿度也是死亡时间推断中的重要影响因素。     

广泛软组织挫伤后血中胆红素和肌红蛋白的改变

目的 探索法医临床学评定广泛软组织挫伤程度量化指标。方法 采用改良的咖啡因法(J-G法)、放射免疫法分别检测广泛软组织挫伤后的人和大鼠血液中的胆红素(Bil)和肌红蛋白(Mb)浓度。结果 大鼠挫伤面积为6％、18％、30％,其血清胆红素浓度分别为4.86±0.4648、7.05±0.2915、8.52±0.1549μmol/1;肌红蛋白浓度分别为16.9140±0.9803、23.3435±1.3349、31.2490±1.8714ng/ml。二者经统计学分析P<0.001,均有显著性差异。结论测定血液中胆红素、肌红蛋白浓度有望成为法医临床学准确评估广泛软组织损伤程度的可靠量化指标。     

滋阴潜阳方对自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化相关蛋白表达的影响

目的 观察滋阴潜阳方对自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化的作用及其机制。方法 将40只雄性自发性高血压大鼠随机分为模型组,依那普利组,滋阴潜阳方高、低剂量组,每组10只,另取10只Wistar雄性大鼠作为正常组。各给药组分别每日2次、连续灌胃6周给予相应药物;记录各组大鼠血压值,Masson染色观察大鼠心肌组织病理变化,Western blot法检测大鼠心肌组织结缔组织生长因子（connective tissue growth factor,CTGF）、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（collagenⅠ,Col-Ⅰ）、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA）表达水平,RT-PCR法检测大鼠心肌组织CTGF、Col-Ⅰ、α-SMA mRNA表达水平。结果 与模型组比较,滋阴潜阳方高、低剂量组及依那普利组大鼠收缩压均显著降低（P＜0.05）;滋阴潜阳方高剂量组与依那普利组大鼠心肌组织蓝色心肌胶原纤维明显减少;滋阴潜阳方高剂量组和依那普利组大鼠心肌组织Col-Ⅰ、CTGF、α-SMA蛋白及mRNA表达水平均明显降低（P＜0.05）。结论 滋阴潜阳方能够降低自发性高血压大鼠的血压并抑制其心肌纤维化,其作用机制可能与其抑制心肌成纤维细胞的增殖、转分化有关。     

英国执行欧盟细胞指令的经验和启示简

英国为执行欧盟人体组织和细胞三个指令在立法和执法上所作的努力及其获得的成功,对于我国建立人体组织细胞法律制度,发展监管科学,有效治理“干细胞治疗”乱象,具有重要借鉴价值.在实证的基础上,分析、介绍英国人体组织法的基础、基本制度和运作方式,设想中国干细胞疗法监管科学的框架,应当包括监管的目标和长远战略、科学立法、制度文化、监管体制与执法机制、行业治理、患者维权的伦理—法律问题等.     

甲醛固定石蜡包埋组织DNA提取方法比较

目的比较甲醛固定石蜡包埋尸检组织中三种提取DNA的方法对DNA质量的影响,寻找一种操作简便、污染较少、经济实用的石蜡包埋组织中提取DNA的方法。方法选取经甲醛固定石蜡包埋的心肌组织20例,分别以二甲苯脱蜡-酚氯仿法、改良TES水浴脱蜡-酚氯仿法、试剂盒法提取DNA,进行电泳分析、紫外分光光度计测定A260/A280值及PCR扩增。结果改良TES水浴脱蜡-酚氯仿法抽提DNA法、二甲苯脱蜡-酚氯仿法分别与试剂盒法所提取DNA的A260/A280值相比较,均有显著性意义（P〈0.01）。二甲苯脱蜡-酚氯仿法、改良TES水浴脱蜡-酚氯仿法所提取DNA的A260/A280值相比较,无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。以改良TES水浴脱蜡-酚氯仿法所得DNA为模板,扩增的目的条带亮度与阳性对照相当。结论结果证实改良TES水浴脱蜡-酚氯仿法简便有效,所用试剂价格低廉,是一种经济实用的石蜡包埋组织DNA提取方法。     

Characterization of Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Heteroplasmy in Blood Tissue and Hair as a Function of Hair Morphology*,†,‡

Abstract: This study characterizes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence heteroplasmy in blood tissue and hair as a function of hair morphology. Bloodstains (127 individuals) and head hairs (128 individuals) were typed using the mtDNA LINEAR ARRAY? assay. A total of 1589 hairs were interpreted: 1478 (93%) were homoplasmic and 111 (7%) exhibited heteroplasmy at one or more positions. Seventy‐one percent (82/116) of individuals were homoplasmic, whereas 29% (34/116) exhibited heteroplasmy in at least one hair. The results demonstrate intra‐ and inter‐tissue differences in heteroplasmy within individuals. Sequence heteroplasmy among hairs from each individual varied from 0 to 90%; the frequency does not differ significantly with population group, cosmetic treatment, age, gender, medulla morphology, region of the scalp, hair growth phase, or, when comparing living and deceased donors. However, the results support a correlation between heteroplasmy and hair pigmentation; typically, lighter‐pigmented hairs exhibit a higher incidence of sequence heteroplasmy compared to darker hairs.     

Cervical soft tissue emphysema in hanging--a prospective autopsy study

The underlying mechanism of cervical soft tissue emphysema (CSTE) in hanging remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of CSTE in cases of hanging. The sample included 83 deceased persons, average age 55.3 ± 17.9 years. CSTE was established in 44 cases. CSTE is presented as frothy air, soap bubble-like formations in superficial and/or deep connective tissue between the neck muscles up to the ligature mark, visible during gross neck examination, using special neck autopsy technique-preparation of the neck organs in layers. The interpretation of positive CSTE must be taken with caution: it could be an antemortem phenomenon possibly because of either Macklin Effect or direct or indirect trauma to the cervical airways, as well as an ante- or postmortem artifact.     

山羊组织中硝唑尼特代谢产物的液相色谱-串联质谱检测

以替唑尼特为检测对象,建立了一种检测山羊组织中替唑尼特残留的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品经正己烷脱脂、乙腈提取,收集提取液于60℃水浴氮气吹干,乙腈溶解,经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤后,采用多反应监测模式进行分析。结果显示,对于肝样品,替唑尼特在0.25～25μg/kg范围内线性关系良好(r20.99),检测限和定量限分别为0.1μg/kg和0.25μg/kg;对于肾、肌肉、脂肪样品,替唑尼特在0.1～25μg/kg范围内线性关系良好(r20.99),检测限和定量限依次为0.05μg/kg,0.1μg/kg;0.025μg/kg,0.05μg/kg;0.025μg/kg,0.05μg/kg。结果表明,该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,适用于山羊组织中替唑尼特残留量的检测。     

牦牛舌抗菌肽基因cDNA的克隆及其在生殖系统中的表达

为了解牦牛舌抗菌肽(LAP)基因序列的特征及其在生殖系统中的表达情况,采用RT-PCR法从牦牛睾丸、附睾组织中扩增LAP基因,重组到pMD19-TSimple载体中,进行了测序和序列分析,并应用RT-PCR检测了雌性牦牛生殖系统(卵巢、输卵管、子宫、阴道等组织)中LAPmRNA的表达。结果显示,克隆的LAP基因包含一195bp的完整开放阅读框(ORF),与牛LAP基因相似性达97.9%,该ORF编码的64个氨基酸含有β-防御素特征性结构,即6个在特定位置上的保守半胱氨酸残基;LAP在牦牛生殖系统上皮组织中均有表达。推测LAP在牦牛生殖系统的先天免疫中具有重要作用。