讯问辅助方法在转化讯问对象拒供动机中的功能

讯问对象的拒供动机是形成“讯问难”的重要因素。讯问对象的拒供动机形成因素主要来自于讯问人员和讯问对象自身两个方面;按照常态和变态心理因素分为现实性拒供动机和心理拒供动机。侦查讯问辅助方法在转化讯问现实性拒供动机的功能在于减弱讯问对象拒供的心理需要,明确或强化其供述需求,提供诱因,创设有利于讯问对象形成供述决意的情境;在转化心理拒供动机中的功能在于利用讯问对象心理病态特征,刺激讯问对象的挫折情绪,突破忍耐极限,导致心理崩溃,从而走向供述。     

海洛因、咖啡因的FTIR检验及谱图解释

目的提高用红外光谱法鉴定海洛因、咖啡因纯品、混合物伪品的水平。方法用红外光谱法有针对性地选择特征峰 ,探明海洛因、咖啡因红外光谱与结构的关系。结果获得海洛因、咖啡因的特征峰。结论该方法克服了鉴定中的盲目性。     

转型期农村社会观念结构分化的分析

在农村社会工业化、城镇化、市场化和民主化的过程中,农村社会的一些传统观念正在快速分化,并呈现出多方面特点。正视农村社会观念结构分化的现状,探讨引起这一变化的内在和外在因素,有利于我们合理地把握、引导并促进农村社会良性运行。     

Drunk Person Screening using Eye Thermal Signatures

Temperature distribution on the eyes of drunk persons is studied by means of thermal infrared images. The sclera and the iris are of the same temperature for the sober person, while for the intoxicated person, the sclera temperature increases. Consequently, only the thermal images from the drunk persons are necessary for intoxication screening. Forty‐one participants drank in a controlled alcohol consumption procedure. Their breath alcohol concentration was above the threshold of 0.2 mg/L of exhaled air, which corresponds to about 0.5 mg of alcohol per cubic centimeter of blood. Histogram modification algorithms were employed to prove that for 36 among the 41 intoxicated persons, the sclera becomes hotter. The Student t‐test verified with over 99% confidence the drunk discrimination capabilities of the procedure. The forensic science potential contribution of the method is that face infrared imagery is available to the authorities for supporting intoxication in case of criminal actions.     

The Decipherment of Latent White Board Entries

This case involves an incriminating message written on a white board and erased before the investigators seized the evidence. Investigators inquired about the possibility of recovering the entries and subsequently submitted the board to the Documents and Digital Evidence Branch for examination. In an attempt to recover latent handwritten entries, examinations were conducted utilizing the Foster and Freeman Video Spectral Comparator 6000/Hyper Spectral (VSC 6000/HS). Latent handwritten entries were observed with the use of an excitation band‐pass filter in the range of 485 nm‐610 nm with a longpass barrier filter at 645 nm in front of the camera lens of the VSC 6000/HS. Entries were also recovered and imaged using an alternate light source with the Phase One (P65) imaging system. Multiple latent handwritten entries were recovered utilizing various instruments and lighting techniques. This report discusses the details concerning the examination and the results.     

猪肋软骨和肋骨的ATR-FTIR光谱变化与死亡时间的关系

目的应用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外(attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared,ATRFTIR)光谱技术分析长白猪死后肋软骨和肋骨组织随死亡时间推移的化学降解过程,为死后较长时间段内推断死亡时间提供可行的新途径和方法。方法猪放血处死后取肋软骨和肋骨离体置于20℃环境,后每72 h提取部分组织样本,进行ATR-FTIR光谱分析,并与对应死亡时间点进行相关性分析。结果随死亡时间的延长,肋软骨与肋骨FTIR的主要吸收峰峰位没有发生明显变化,而其部分峰强比出现了不同时序性的变化趋势,并与死亡时间存在良好的相关性,肋软骨较肋骨组织有更好的时序性。结论应用ATRFTIR光谱技术发现死后猪肋软骨和肋骨组织光谱学变化存在一定的规律性,有望成为基于光谱学推断死亡时间的一种新途径。     

做好工会调查研究工作的意义、方法与着力点

调查研究，是我党一项基本工作方法和领导制度，亦是天津工会工作长期坚持的成功经验。面对复杂多变的国际国内环境、艰巨繁重的改革发展任务、职工群众过上更好生活的殷切期待以及大量发展中的新课题，该项工作已显得地位更重要、责任更重大、任务更繁重，各级工会干部，应努力提高这方面的意识，自觉用调查研究来为开创天津工会事业新局面奠定坚实基础。     

关于罪犯矫正的逻辑阐释

在罪犯矫正的认识论上，主要有矫正否定论、可改造论和层次矫正论三种观点。大多数学者认为矫正否定论的倡导者应是世界上有着很大影响的犯罪学家龙勃罗梭，他提出了重要理论“犯罪天生论”．认为“天生犯罪人”是不可矫正的。我们认为龙勃罗梭的理论被学界曲解了，只看到了其强调天生犯罪人不可矫正的一面，而忽略了其理论对矫正犯罪人的积极意义。可改造论主要是新中国建立以来所秉持的一种观点，认为罪犯是可以改造的，罪犯具有矫正的可能性，但罪犯矫正是有条件的。从逻辑意义上来讲，对罪犯一定条件下的可以改造并不是都能够改造。层次矫正论认为，罪犯中有的是可以矫正的，有的则是不可能矫正的。因此，只有树立矫正有限论的理念，才能对不同层次的罪犯，运用不同的策略。     

Identification of Carbonates as Additives in Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesive Tape Substrate with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Its Application in Three Explosive Cases

Abstract: Pressure‐sensitive tape is often used to bind explosive devices. It can become important trace evidence in many cases. Three types of calcium carbonate (heavy, light, and active CaCO₃), which were widely used as additives in pressure‐sensitive tape substrate, were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in this study. A Spectrum GX 2000 system with a diamond anvil cell and a deuterated triglycine sulfate detector was employed for IR observation. Background was subtracted for every measurement, and triplicate tests were performed. Differences in positions of main peaks and the corresponding functional groups were investigated. Heavy CaCO₃ could be identified from the two absorptions near 873 and 855/cm, while light CaCO₃ only has one peak near 873/cm because of the low content of aragonite. Active CaCO₃ could be identified from the absorptions in the 2800–2900/cm region because of the existence of organic compounds. Tiny but indicative changes in the 878–853/cm region were found in the spectra of CaCO₃ with different content of aragonite and calcite. CaCO₃ in pressure‐sensitive tape, which cannot be differentiated by scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer and thermal analysis, can be easily identified using FTIR. The findings were successfully applied to three specific explosive cases and would be helpful in finding the possible source of explosive devices in future cases.     

Direct Analyte‐Probed Nanoextraction Coupled to Nanospray Ionization–Mass Spectrometry of Drug Residues from Latent Fingerprints

Here, we present a method of extracting drug residues from fingerprints via Direct Analyte‐Probed Nanoextraction coupled to nanospray ionization–mass spectrometry (DAPNe‐NSI‐MS). This instrumental technique provides higher selectivity and lower detection limits over current methods, greatly reducing sample preparation, and does not compromise the integrity of latent fingerprints. This coupled to Raman microscopy is an advantageous supplement for location and identification of trace particles. DAPNe uses a nanomanipulator for extraction and differing microscopies for localization of chemicals of interest. A capillary tip with solvent of choice is placed in a nanopositioner. The surface to be analyzed is placed under a microscope, and a particle of interest is located. Using a pressure injector, the solvent is injected onto the surface where it dissolves the analyte, and then extracted back into the capillary tip. The solution is then directly analyzed via NSI‐MS. Analyses of caffeine, cocaine, crystal methamphetamine, and ecstasy have been performed successfully.