论诈骗罪中的处分意识

诈骗罪的财产处分除了客观的财产移转之外,还必须具备处分意识。处分意识不必对财产处分结果有明确具体的认识,只需具有对外形移转事实的认识即已足。处分意识是占有移转的意识而非限于所有权移转的意识,也非毁坏财物等的意识,亦非占有弛缓的意识。     

对拾卡使用司法解释的几点意见

最高检的司法解释认为，拾得他人信用卡并在自动柜员机（ATM机）上使用的行为，属于照刑法第一百九十六条第一款第（三）项规定的“冒用他人信用卡”的情形，应以信用卡诈骗罪来追诉。作者对这一司法解释持质疑态度，并提出了三个方面的问题。第一，对拾卡的两种不同情形未加区分有失妥当。第二，定信用卡诈骗罪而不考虑盗窃罪的依据不够充足。第三，一律按信用卡诈骗罪追诉会否造成罪刑不相适应的问题。     

论刑法中违法性之判断理论的具体应用

我国刑法中关于保险诈骗罪、假冒注册商标罪和逃离部队罪的有关规定与保险法、商标法和兵役法的相关规定存在一定的冲突,而大陆法系刑法理论中违法性的判断在这些罪名中的具体运用,恰好能够有效地解决这一问题。     

New directions in policing fraud: The emergence of the counter fraud specialist in the United Kingdom

Fraud and corruption in the public sector have become issues of increasing importance for the government in the United Kingdom. Numerous initiatives have emerged ranging from high profile publicity campaigns against benefit fraud and tax evasion to the establishment of specialist bodies, such as the NHS Counter Fraud and Security Management Service (NHSCFSMS). One of the most interesting developments, however, has been the emergence of the ‘counter fraud specialist (CFS)’ across central and local government, as well as the private sector. These are specially trained civilian personnel who are tasked to prevent, investigate and secure sanctions against fraudsters. They undertake common training packages and are accredited by the Counter Fraud Professional Accreditation Board (CFPAB). This paper first outlines the emergence of the CFS; then draws upon the results of recent survey data to discuss some of their characteristics. The paper also considers some of the main issues raised by the growth of the CFS including the possible emergence of an embryonic ‘fraud police’, the indirect ‘load shedding’ of fraud investigation and the governance of this new breed of policing personnel.     

CRIME BY COMMITTEE: CONSPIRATORS AND COMPANY MEN IN THE ILLEGAL ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY CARTEL, 1954–19591

We show how cartels rely on the adaptive social structure of committee meetings to ameliorate the competitive difficulties of markets. We distill the structure of the cartel committee and test hypotheses relating market structure to committee structure and ultimately to the efficacy of cartel price‐fixing. Cartel continuity and the corporate authority of the cartel are strong predictors of cartel effectiveness. Cartel continuity is responsive to market conditions that favor cartel formation. Centralization of cartel authority in decision making results in improved collusive pricing effectiveness. Centralization of cartel authority responds to expanding industry volume that bring about incentives to increase firm level market share at the expense of other cartel members.     

利用增值税专用发票骗税犯罪的现状和工作对策

当前利用增值税专用发票骗税犯罪具有以下特点:发案数急剧上升,涉案金额巨大;犯罪集团日趋集团化、规模化;跨区域作案日趋突出。暴利驱动,部分税务人员和一些地方领导参与、支持是骗税案件高发的主要原因。查处骗税案件工作中,存在取证难、追捕难、追赃难,经侦队伍素质、装备落后,经侦不足等困难,为此必须采取相应的工作对策。     

拾得信用卡使用行为的犯罪问题

行为人拾得信用卡，在不同场合分别具有并非占有钱款与视作占有钱款的性质；而视作占有钱款与实际占有钱款毕竟有所差异，进而并不排除虽有视作占有钱款的前提，而对实际占有钱款的行为仍可予以否定评价。行为人输入正确密码、模仿持卡人签名而使用他人信用卡的行为，实质上属于掩盖自己不是持卡人的事实真相，致使支付方误认行为人为持卡人的欺骗。行为人以非法占有为目的，输入密码、模仿签名而使用拾得的信用卡，获取钱财数额较大，完全符合《刑法》第196条第1款“冒用他人信用卡”“进行信用卡诈骗活动，数额较大”的规定，构成信用卡诈骗罪。基于刑法理论根基与我国刑法具体规定，类似的案件即使发生在ATM机上也应成立信用卡诈骗罪，而不构成盗窃罪。随着社会的发展、科技的进步，ATM机可以被骗并不违背实际事理逻辑；许多国家的刑法典并未否定针对智能机器的欺骗行为。     

论国际私法上的法律规避

国际私法中法律规避问题的实质涉及法哲学中一对基本价值———正义与安全———的二律背反。本文认为 ,在此问题上 ,法官透过当事人的表面行为探究其内心真意的做法是必要和合理的 ,即个别正义的价值在这个问题上具有优先性。在规避外国法行为效力的问题上 ,通过对法律规避行为的本质 ,其与公共秩序保留的关系及一些实际操作中具体问题的分析 ,得出结论 ,规避外国法和规避国内法的行为一样构成法律规避 ,应受法律规制。     

集资诈骗罪司法认定中的疑难问题研究

集资诈骗罪属于诈骗罪的一种,与普通诈骗罪之间是种属关系,但该罪之所以独立于普通诈骗罪而被单独评价,在于该罪在犯罪客观方面、主观目的要素的司法认定上具有特殊性。文章分析研究了集资诈骗罪在司法认定中的疑难问题和该罪在犯罪客观方面、主观目的要素认定方面的一些做法,科学界分了该罪与相近犯罪即诈骗罪、非法吸收公众存款罪的异同,以利于在司法实践和理论研究中进一步探讨。     

Insurance fraud in Taiwan: Reflections on regulatory effort and criminological complexity

The nature and prevalence of insurance fraud has been studied only to a limited extent, even in the USA and Europe. Nevertheless, national authorities have pressed ahead with various approaches to control such fraud. This paper briefly outlines the nature and difficulties around measurement of insurance fraud and reviews key international trends in the regulation of fraud. It then presents the findings of an empirical study of insurance fraud in Taiwan and recent proposals for anti-fraud control. It analyses these findings in the context of actual practices of insurance companies which give evidence to the idea that ‘moral hazard’ is embedded in the institutional arrangements, social relationships, and moral economies of private insurance.