Trace element fingerprinting of Australian ocher using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the provenance establishment and authentication of indigenous art

The expansion of indigenous art and the interest it has generated both at a domestic and international level means large monetary transactions are taking place between art galleries or centers and purchasers. As such, an accurate and conclusive method for provenance determination of traditional indigenous artistic materials must be established that can, if necessary, be used to assist in authentication of artworks. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was utilized for elemental differentiation and provenance establishment of ocher samples. This research was used to develop a robust scientific protocol which facilitates definitive and accurate determination of provenance of Australian ochers and the artworks created using them. Analysis of the results obtained through this study show that the trace metal distribution patterns alone appear to be sufficient evidence to establish provenance of specific ochers, although additional differentiation between ocher samples, using major element distribution patterns, was achieved through the utilization of X-ray analytical techniques.     

论因第三人欺诈或胁迫而订立合同的效力

当事人一方因受第三人的欺诈或胁迫,与相对人所订立合同的效力,集中地表现为该方当事人、相对人以及第三人之间利益冲突。这里的"第三人"并非当事人一方与相对人以外的任何人,而是受到特定的限制。对于一方当事人受第三人欺诈或胁迫而订立合同的效力,应该采纳《荷兰民法典》所代表的效力模式,以相对人知道或应当知道合同一方当事人受第三人欺诈或胁迫的事实,作为合同一方当事人撤销该合同的条件。如果遭受欺诈或胁迫的一方当事人受有损失的,可以要求第三人承担侵权责任,赔偿其全部损失。     

论票据诈骗罪与集资诈骗罪的准确定性——从一类刑事疑难案件谈起

以承诺给予高息、工程等好处为借口从特定受害人处吸收大量存款,然后勾结银行工作人员更换特定受害人留在银行的验证资料并伪造取款票证将款项取走的行为,应当定性为票据诈骗罪。对票据诈骗罪的理解要建立在对票据这一犯罪工具和非法集资行为实质内涵的正确解读基础上。对此类案件中银行工作人员和相关存款企业及其工作人员的责任应具体分析,票据诈骗罪与伪造、变造金融票证罪的罪数问题值得重视。刑法是科学,任何个罪的定性都应摒弃刑法工具论的倾向。     

票据诈骗罪犯罪客体新论——兼析“金融诈骗罪”与“破坏金融管理秩序罪”同类客体之差异

已有观点对票据诈骗菲犯罪客体的认识,圃于"纯刑法"或者"纯公法"的思维方式,认为本罪的主要客体是票据管理秩序,具有局限性.对此问题要从整个法律体系(刑法与其他部门法或者公法与私法的关系)的角度,并结合刑法分则的体系结构进行整体把握.本罪的主要客体应该是"票据流通秩序",而非所谓的"票据管理秩序",二者分剐代表了"讼"和"私"两种不同的法益.分则第三章第四节"破坏金融管理秩序罪"和第五节"金融诈骗罪"的同类客体是不同的前考如该节罪名所捞述的,是"金融管理秩序",而后者则是金融流通秩序.     

试论在市场经济条件下对金融诈骗的防范

金融诈骗是犯罪嫌疑人为了骗取财产或银行信用而恶意利用来自被害人自身的特点 ,通过虚构事实 ,掩盖真相的各种手段 ,使金融机构或开户单位、个人陷于错误认识 ,自动向其交付财产或提供银行信用证的行为。近几年来 ,随着我国市场经济的全面建立 ,金融诈骗活动大有愈演愈烈之势 ,成为了影响社会安定 ,破坏正常经济秩序的最严重犯罪活动之一。因此 ,必须在严厉打击的基础上 ,认真抓好两个层次的防范工作。     

信用证诈骗罪的认定

信用证诈骗罪类型较多,应从行为方式、行为人主观状态等各个方面入手认定处理。倒签提单和预借提单行为属民事违法行为,不应当构成信用证诈骗罪。开立无真实贸易背景信用证的行为,应定为信用证诈骗罪。信用证诈骗罪属结果犯,应以占有财物的结果是否发生为既未遂标志。此外,在认定信用证诈骗罪时,还要注意其与贷款诈骗罪、合同诈骗罪等相近犯罪的区别。     

论不可抗辩条款与保险欺诈的法律平衡

不可抗辩条款,从时间上限制了保险人以投保人未如实告知为由解除保险合同的权利,保护了投保方的利益,但其固有的制度缺陷有可能沦为投保人进行保险诈骗的工具.本文针对我国保险法有关不可抗辩条款的立法缺陷,提出完善的建议,以期能有效抑制我国日益泛滥的人寿保险诈骗行为.     

网络购物诈骗分析与防范

随着电子商务的发展,网络购物诈骗呈高发态势,其作案手段多样,科技化程度较高,隐蔽性强,难以取证,即使破案也难以挽回经济损失,应采取有效措施防止此类案件的发生,切实保障网络交易安全.     

Health‐Care Data Protection and Biometric Authentication Policies: Comparative Culture and Technology Acceptance in China and in the United States

A proliferation of health information technology (HIT) policies to implement dimensions of e‐health, including electronic medical records, electronic health records, personal health records, and e‐prescribing—along with expanding initiatives on mobile health in developed countries and emerging technologies—has sparked academic inquiry into the protection of privacy and data and the technology to protect privacy and data. This article examines HIT policies in the United States and in China and the use of authentication technologies to assess biometrics as privacy's friend or foe in different political frameworks with varying conceptions of privacy. An analysis of privacy in the context of health data protection, challenging relations of trust between patients and providers, the increasing perspective of health data integrity as a cyber‐security issue, and the growing rate of medical fraud and medical identity theft may yield findings of a convergence of views of privacy and biometrics unexpected of contrasting political cultures.     

信用证欺诈法律救济的理论发展过程及其评述

信用证欺诈的频频发生,引起了人们关于对信用证欺诈的法律救济措施和法律救济理论的关注。本文重点论述了信用证欺诈法律救济理论及其发展的三个阶段,即:“禁止法院干预学说”阶段、“限制法院干预说”阶段和“法院依法救济说”阶段。本文还结合具体的案例对三个阶段的理论进行了具体和深入的分析。