病毒共享的国际法思考

从条约解释角度而言,病毒材料构成国家主权管辖范围内的“遗传资源”或“自然资源”,但其获取是否应遵循“事先知情同意”原则尚存在争议。国际专利体制激励基于病毒材料的医药研发,并不直接导致生物剽窃或医药可及性难题,但问题在于没有规定病毒材料的所有权和获取条件,故存在保护上的不对称性。从本质上说,病毒共享之争体现国际法上分配正义的缺失,故无法破解全球公共卫生难题,促进发展中国家履行健康权。为此,《国际卫生条例》需进一步明确健康权的国际责任,构建公平的“材料转移”机制。我国既要推动国际法上分配正义的实现和相关制度的非倾覆性变革,也可结合自身国情和优势发挥更大的建设性作用。     

秋水仙碱在急性中毒豚鼠体液和组织中的检测及分布

目的建立生物检材中秋水仙碱的液相色谱/串联质谱检测方法,研究秋水仙碱急性中毒在豚鼠体内的分布,为秋水仙碱中毒的法医学鉴定提供方法和评价依据。方法以4mg/kg剂量秋水仙碱给豚鼠灌胃染毒,2～8h死亡,用LC-MS/MS测定体液和组织中秋水仙碱的含量。结果秋水仙碱在豚鼠各体液和组织中含量从高到低依次为胆汁、尿液、胃、脾、肺、肾、心、胰、肝、肾上腺、睾丸,心血中秋水仙碱的含量最低。结论所建方法准确、灵敏,适用于体内痕量秋水仙碱的检测。胆汁和尿液是体内检测秋水仙碱的较佳检材。     

试论中国区域贸易安排战略

Regional Trade Arrangements (RTAs) have proliferated after the birth of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In these years, as the members of RTAs increased considerably, the instruments and formalities of RTAs have been varied, and the scope of RTAs has been expanded. With regards to China, it has changed its traditional view and has been engaged positively in the building its own RTAs. Facing the competition from neighboring countries, China should construct an appropriate strategy on RTAs as soon as possible. Without the derogation of multilateral trade agreement, the RTA strategy should be led by national strategic interest, contain the involvement of various levels of trade agreements, enlarge the scope of regional trade agreements, and expand the potential realm of partners for cooperation, etc. Chen Bin was a joint doctoral student of Wuhan University (China) and l’Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille III (France). Now, he is an editor of International Law Review of Wuhan University, a visiting scholar under the scholarship programme of UK foundation for Uniform Law of l’Institut International pour l’Unification du Droit Privé (Unidroit), a researcher under the doctoral scholarship programme of the Hague Academy of International Law, a research fellow of Heidelberg Max Plank Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, a research fellow under the Asser Research Fellowships Programme of T.M.C. Asser Instituut, a visiting fellow under the scholarship program for visiting fellows of Hamburg Max Plank Institute for Comparative and International Private Law. Mr. Chen is a member of the Society of International Economic Law (SIEL), the Association for International Arbitration (AIA) and the Asian Competition Forum (ACF), and a researcher of the Arbitration Institute of Guangzhou Arbitration Court. Currently, his research interests focus on international trade law and public international law.     

试论我国区域战略性产业结构布局政策的调整

我国在区域战略性产业结构布局中应实现发挥市场自组织机制与政府引导的有机结合。     

浅谈公司化运营下的律师事务所分配制度改革

律师事务所公司化运营是我国法律服务市场中已经出现的现象,其中分配制度是公司化改革中非常重要的一环。目前我国律师事务所在公司化运营下的分配方式种类复杂,各种形式并存。本文旨在通过研究律师事务所分配制度的发展历程,深度剖析公司化改革后分配制度的类型及其优缺点。使掌舵者明确公司化改革下分配制度的基本情况,并根据自身需求选择合适的分配制度。纵观全局,总结改革取得的成就,研究改革中急需解决的问题,提供较为详细的解决方案,推动公司化改革顺利进行。     

象征主义之后的法国诗学与英美自由诗的转型

文章反思了英国自由诗理论对法国象征主义诗学的片面解读,梳理了象征主义之后的新生代诗学对英国现代主义诗人弗林特的重要影响,并以弗林特为媒介,研究庞德、奥尔丁顿、洛厄尔等人对法国诗学的接受和调整。文章认为,法国新生代诗学的“节奏常量”、“调子”理论影响了弗林特的“无韵的调子”说,而弗林特的“无韵的调子”说,又促进了英美现代主义诗人对自由诗节奏特性的寻找。这种影响关系的研究对于理解英美自由诗与法国诗学的复杂关系提供了参考。     

Motive,Action, and Confusions in the Debate over Hate Crime Legislation

In this article I argue that the objections against hate crimes defined as separate offenses and in terms of group animus are misguided and are based upon a mistaken view of human action that does not see motives as constituent parts of complex actions. If we are going to have hate crimes legislation, there are no good formal reasons keeping us from having distinct offenses for hate crimes or from having ones defined in terms of group animus. My goal is to clear up a number of action-theoretical confusions that have led some theorists and jurists to raise objections that draw attention away from the real crux of the debate over hate crime legislation. Initially, I defend several considerations that weigh against an understanding of hate crimes legislation as being concerned exclusively or even primarily with character, belief, or motive. These considerations in turn help undercut the related concern that hate crime legislation violates free speech protections.     

Characterizing the Performance of Pipe Bombs

Pipe bombs of steel or PVC fragment in reproducible patterns when similarly configured. The power of the explosion correlates with number, mass, and size of the fragments recovered, where a large number of small, low‐mass fragments indicate a high‐power event and vice versa. In discussing performance, describing pipe fragmentation pattern by fragment weight distribution mapping (FWDM) or fragment surface area distribution mapping (FSADM) was useful. When fillers detonated, detonation velocities of ~4.4 mm/μs were measured. In such cases, side walls of the pipe were thrown first; the average fragment velocity was ~1000 km/s. In deflagrations, the end cap was first thrown; fragment velocities were only ~240 km/s. Blast overpressures varied; at 10 feet, 2 × 12 inch steel pipes containing ~550 g of detonable mixture produced overpressures of 5–6 psi; similar nondetonating pipes produced less than 2 psi. Maximum fragment throw distances were 250–300 m, with an average of ~100 m.     

Skeletal Trauma Resulting From Fatal Low (≤3 m) Free Falls: An Analysis of Fracture Patterns and Morphologies

The skeletal trauma resulting from fatal low (≤3 m) free falls is poorly researched and understood by forensic practitioners. The aim of this study was to identify the types of skeletal trauma resulting from low falls through investigating fracture patterns and morphologies. Skeletal trauma was analyzed using full‐body postmortem computed tomography scans of 145 individuals who died from a low free fall. Trauma was then contextualized to the variables that influence how a person falls using multiple logistic regression. Results showed fracture patterning primarily involved the axial skeleton and that there were a number of patterns significantly associated with the height fallen, pre‐existing health conditions, and age. Analysis of fracture morphologies showed 108 possible fracture types, six of which were significantly associated with the height fallen. Understanding the skeletal trauma characteristic of low free falls will further inform anthropological interpretations of trauma in cases where a fall may be considered the possible mechanism.     

概念营销的操作模式分析

在市场经济条件下,商品竞争日趋激烈,企业要想扩大品牌的知名度和市场份额,就要紧紧抓住消费者对产品的注意力,从而培养消费者对产品的忠诚度,概念营销就是实施此目标的有效营销手段。