证据裁判主义的功能分析

证据裁判主义主张的以证据为依据是指法官必须将判决理由予以公开宣示,即所谓公开法官心证过程。其功能之一是弥补自由心证之天然缺陷,通过公开法官心证过程来实现社会对法官裁判的监视;其功能之二是用证据的可采性检验证据的可出示性。给我们的启示,一是证据裁判主义使逻辑规则由实体正义转变为程序正义,具有从人治向法治转变的价值;二是证据裁判主义彰显了证据规则的本质。我国除了诉讼法或证据法宜明确规定自由心证和证据裁判原则外,对狭义上证据规则的规定宜采取特别谨慎的态度,至少一是应强调法官自由裁量原则;二是强调当事人自治原则。     

人权保障视野下我国侦查裁量体制之构建——兼为侦查裁量权辩护

侦查裁量权有其存在的现实基础和理论依据。要科学构建我国的侦查裁量体制,必须在借鉴他国有益经验的基础上,从权域和规制两方面着手。     

论提高工人工资与推进我国收入分配制度改革

近年来,我国居民收入差距不断扩大,工人的工资低且增长缓慢,而垄断行业员工的工资过高、增长过快。因此,调整产业结构,重视劳动的价值,加强对垄断行业的监管,充分发挥工会组织在维护工人权益方面的作用,是提高工人工资,推进我国收入分配制度改革,促进社会和谐的题中之义。     

马克思的个性观探微

马克思的个性观为人的个性发展指明了方向和目标。人的个性发展是人的全面发展的题中应有之义,人的全面发展的最终落脚点则是个性的全面发展。个性自由是人的个性全面发展的一个重要环节,"自由个性"则是人的个性发展的最高境界。     

甲基苯丙胺在豚鼠毛发中分布及转化的初步研究

目的对甲基苯丙胺在豚鼠毛发中分布及转化机制进行初步研究。方法利用GC/MS,GC/NPD法,测定单次及多次给药豚鼠毛发中MAP、AP的含量变化过程,考察给药剂量与毛发中MAP、AP的含量间的关系,并研究毛发颜色对染毒豚鼠毛发中MAP、AP含量的影响。结果单次及多次给药豚鼠毛发中代谢产物AP均高于原体MAP,给药时间及给药剂量与毛发中MAP、AP的含量显著相关,同体豚鼠黑色毛发中的MAP、AP含量均明显高于棕色、白色毛发。结论给药方式、给药剂量及毛发颜色对豚鼠毛发中MAP、AP的含量均有显著影响。     

庄子自由理性的特质及其影响--以"游"为中心而论

老子是"政治性的动物",而庄子则是"非政治性的动物";老子的自由主要体现为政治上的"自治",而庄子的自由则表现为精神领域的解放和超越."逍遥"和"游"是庄子的两个非常独特的观念,二者体现了庄子自由精神的基本形态.庄子以"游"和"逍遥"所确立的独特的"精神自由"、"精神乐园"和"精神故乡"极具诱惑力.庄子为中国知识阶层追求自由精神不仅奠定了"诗意性"的观念基础,而且也以自己的行动为士人树立了一个榜样.     

Regulating political advertising in the EU and USA: a human rights perspective

Underlying the American model of political campaign communication are the US Constitutional guarantees of free speech, which secure the rights of citizens to support political candidates of their choosing and express that support in various forms, from bumper stickers to television advertising. Courts have at times struck down measures regulating political advertising, including limits on the amounts of such advertising and the amounts of funds which candidates, parties and individuals may spend on election‐related speeches and advertising as infringements of these rights. With few exceptions, in the USA, government may not limit the number of spots a candidate airs in an election. In Europe, international norms concerning free expression and fair elections appear in a number of legal instruments, including, most recently, the UK's Human Rights Act 1998 and the EU's Charter of Fundamental Rights. This paper compares the role and development of American First Amendment doctrines in limiting restrictions on political advertising in the USA with the development of comparable norms of free expression under the European Convention on Human Rights, European Union treaties and legislation and national laws of the member states and accession countries. In particular, this paper addresses the validity and enforceability of European legal limits on number, timing, placement, quantity and content of political advertisements under applicable human rights rules and similar regulations. The paper concludes that (1) a combination of European legal instruments, including the European Convention on Human Rights, the European Community Treaty, the European Community's ‘Television Without Frontiers’ Directives and the Council of Europe's Convention on Transfrontier Television offer protections of a kind and type which broadly track the protections of the USA's First Amendment; that (2) it seems that governmental justifications for restricting these freedoms are more readily accepted in Europe than they might be in courts in the USA; and that (3) certain restrictions on political advertising identified in previous studies as existing throughout Europe will face increased judicial scrutiny and some of them are probably illegal under European Human Rights principles. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications     

超越GATT／WTO：美国对外贸易法中双边主义的复兴

双边主义是由两个国家(或地区)参加并协商解决问题的一种理论和主张。自20世纪60年代中后期以后,随着美国世界经济霸主地位的丧失,美国已不能从GATT/WTO规则中获取更多的优惠,转而谋求一种更为直接、快捷、有效的贸易体制来扩大进出口,发展经济。双边协定,特别是双边自由贸易协定满足了这种要求,但也对GATT/WTO多边贸易规则产生深远的负面影响。     

从价值生产和分配来源拓宽农民增收渠道

"三农"问题无论在过去还是未来相当长的一段时间里,都是我国经济和社会生活中非常重要的问题。从价值生产和分配来源拓宽农民增收渠道,必须进一步规范和确保农民能够获得完整的劳动力价值,同时开启其他的增收渠道,即农村分配方式要由原来的单一的按劳分配向按产权分配、按资分配、按能力分配,通过土地、资产资源、人力资源来增收。     

STUDY ON MECHANISM OF MOXIBUSTION DELAYING AGING

目的：探讨艾灸延缓衰老的作用机理。方法：应用老龄小鼠模型,采用放免和生化等实验技术,观察灸治“肾俞”穴对其自由基代谢、免疫功能和单胺类神经递质的影响。结果：艾灸能提高老龄小鼠血清和肝组织中的ＳＯＤ 活性、降低ＭＤＡ 水平,改善自由基代谢;能提高胸腺指数、增强脾淋巴细胞增殖反应和免疫功能;提高脑内５ ＨＴ、５ ＨＩＡＡ、ＮＥ、ＤＡ 的含量,调整神经递质水平。上述指标中,艾灸组测值均高于老龄组,差异显著（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０１） 。结论：艾灸有延缓衰老的作用,其作用机理与抗氧化、提高免疫力及改善神经内分泌等密切相关。