大鼠百草枯中毒后体内的分布研究

目的建立生物检材中百草枯的超高效液相色谱-质谱联用检测方法,研究百草枯灌胃染毒致死的大鼠动物模型。方法大鼠以1/2 LD_(50)剂量灌胃染毒,分别于染毒后0.5h、2h、4h、8h、12h、24h、48h、72h处死解剖,采集心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、肌肉、膀胱和胃组织,UPLC-MS/MS法定量检测各组织中百草枯。结果试验中大鼠灌胃后,4h以内胃是主要分布器官,胃中含量最多,其他器官中含量相对较低。4h内除胃以外的脏器含量变化不大,4h后胃内百草枯含量有所下降,除胃以外的脏器含量均升高。各组织与脑组织比较具有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论百草枯在大鼠体内死后分布不均匀并且各组织含量随着时间变化有所改变。百草枯UPLC-MS/MS方法、口服染毒致死的动物模型、各组织分布规律可为甲百草枯中毒死亡案件提供检测依据。     

甲拌磷在大鼠体内的死后分布研究

目的建立甲拌磷灌胃染毒致死的大鼠动物模型,建立生物检材中甲拌磷的气相色谱和气相色谱质谱联用检测方法 ,观察甲拌磷在3种剂量染毒大鼠体内的死后分布特点。方法大鼠2LD50、4LD50或8LD50甲拌磷灌胃染毒,死后立即解剖,采集心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、肌肉、睾丸、心血和胃组织,GC/MS、GC/FPD法定性定量检测各组织和心血中甲拌磷。结果大鼠2LD50、4LD50和8LD50甲拌磷染毒后31±3min、19±4min和11±6min死亡。气相色谱和气相色谱质谱联用法均可检到甲拌磷。染毒死亡大鼠体内甲拌磷的含量由高到低顺序依次为：2LD50组：胃组织〉肝〉脾〉肾〉肺〉脑〉睾丸〉肌肉〉心〉心血。4LD50组：胃组织〉肝〉肺〉脾〉肾〉睾丸〉肌肉〉脑〉心〉心血。8LD50组：胃组织〉肝〉肾〉脾〉肺〉心〉肌肉〉睾丸〉心血〉脑。结论甲拌磷在大鼠体内死后分布不均匀。胃组织中含量最高,其次是肝、脾、肺和肾,脑、肌肉和睾丸含量最低。甲拌磷的灌胃染毒致死动物模型、气相色谱和气相色谱质谱联用方法及死后分布规律可应用于甲拌磷中毒死亡案件的法医学鉴定和法医毒物动力学研究。     

医疗行为中的患者承诺研究

医疗行为中的患者承诺不是一种对利益的处分与放弃,而是一种对医疗风险的分担,其体现了“被允许的危险”理论与“危险分配”的法理;患者承诺的有效要件包括认识能力与真实意思两个方面;未经患者承诺的医疗行为是专断的医疗行为,应根据医疗效果是否最终实现分别进行处理。     

金融危机下小规模经营者的经济法关怀

在金融危机的冲击下,个体工商户及中小企业这些小规模经营者的生存更加艰难。如何对待曾经为中国经济发展做出过重要贡献而且还将为中国经济发展继续做贡献的个体工商户及中小企业,是任由自由竞争、优胜劣汰、适者生存竞争法则自由发挥,还是通过必要的制度安排使个体工商户体及中小企业得到更多的人文关怀,是构建社会主义市场经济制度必须考虑的问题。     

环境利益分配：环境法学的规范性关怀——环境利益分配与公民社会基础的环境法学辩证

分配是法律制度的基本功能之一,利益分配是法律制度分配功能的最核心部分。在物质文明基本满足甚至极大化丰富之后,人类显示出了对生态文明的积极追求倾向,世界进入了所谓的环境时代。环境时代的秩序意蕴两层含义,即人类与自然生态的秩序和人域社会内部的环境社会秩序,环境时代的秩序型构同样需要法律制度功能的充分彰显。文章认为,环境利益分配是环境法学的基础性规范关怀,通过环境法的环境利益公正合理分配,需要公民社会的充分养成与理性交往话语平台的有效建构,在此基础上,通过环境利益分配的环境立法、环境利益分配的环境法律制度结构和环境利益分配的环境法律实现等层面来达成环境法的环境利益分配功能。     

Chemical Differences Are Observed in Children’s Versus Adults’ Latent Fingerprints as a Function of Time*

Abstract: The identification of aged latent fingerprints is often difficult, especially for those of children. To understand this phenomenon, the chemical composition of children’s versus adults’ latent fingerprints was examined over time using Fourier transform infrared microscopy. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that children’s and adults’ prints were distinguishable for up to 4 weeks after deposition, based on differences in sebum composition. Specifically, adults had a higher lipid content than children, but both decreased over time, attributable to the volatility of free fatty acids. The aliphatic CH₃, aliphatic CH₂, and carbonyl ester compositions changed differently in adults versus children over time, consistent with higher cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in children’s prints and wax esters and glycerides in adults’ prints. Thus, fingerprint composition changes with time differently in children versus adults, making it a sensitive metric to estimate the age of an individual, especially when the age of the print is known.     

期货收益率极端波动离散间隔的实证研究

本文基于极值理论,以沪铜、大连大豆和郑州硬麦期货为研究对象,应用最大信息熵原理、广义极值分布和K－S拟合检验,实证分析了我国商品期货收益率极端波动的时间间隔的统计分布特征。引入离散的时间间隔来刻画极端波动特征在学术上是个新的尝试。实证结果表明：极端波动的确定是与阈值紧密联系的;我国商品期货收益率的极端波动间隔时间服从广义极值分布;期货收益率极端波动时间间隔序列具有集聚性;运用条件期望值--波动模型预测极端波动间隔是可行的。这些成果为监管层度量极端波动强度和控制风险提供了有效的方法。     

The Initial Changes of Fat Deposits During the Decomposition of Human and Pig Remains

Abstract:  The early stages of adipocere formation in both pig and human adipose tissue in aqueous environments have been investigated. The aims were to determine the short-term changes occurring to fat deposits during decomposition and to ascertain the suitability of pigs as models for human decomposition. Subcutaneous adipose tissue from both species after immersion in distilled water for up to six months was compared using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Changes associated with decomposition were observed, but no adipocere was formed during the initial month of decomposition for either tissue type. Early-stage adipocere formation in pig samples during later months was detected. The variable time courses for adipose tissue decomposition were attributed to differences in the distribution of total fatty acids between species. Variations in the amount of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were also detected between species. The study shows that differences in total fatty acid composition between species need to be considered when interpreting results from experimental decomposition studies using pigs as human body analogs.     

土地所有权立法之反思：透过历史的映照

土地所有权的制度功能在于对封建土地制度的颠覆,在于重建土地权利的个人化、稳定化和自由化。即使像英国那样,不采纳所有权的制度话语,而通过虚化国家所有权和强化土地保有权即土地使用权的方式,同样可以达到确立个人所有权的效果。我国土地权利立法应该在借鉴英美法系的基础上,将使用权而不是所有权作为基础物权。     

论我国科技现代化道路和发展战略选择--兼评中国版"贸易自由立国论"

我国科学技术现代化的道路和发展战略问题,一直存在两种对立的方针和政策的争议.我们要充分利用我国的"比较优势",大力发展劳动密集型产业,增加出口贸易,但是,这与"贸易自由立国"是两回事.我们必须建立独立、完整、开放的现代经济体系.