现代型诉讼的意义、性质和特点

本文从解决现代工业化社会产生的新型纠纷入手,对传统民事诉讼的构造及理论提出了反思,并从实证立场探索现代型诉讼体系的建立和发展。     

Pink‐Collar Representation and Budgetary Outcomes in US States

Legislatures worldwide are dominated by wealthy elites, who are often out of touch with the needs and problems of citizens. Research shows that the underrepresentation of the working class matters in terms of policy processes and outcomes. Yet the research on class has largely focused on blue‐collar representatives, who are primarily men. Working‐class women are more likely to hold pink‐collar jobs, or low‐status occupations dominated by women. We argue that pink‐collar legislators are uniquely positioned to legislate over education and social service policy. To test our argument, we combine a new coding of working‐class backgrounds that accounts for pink‐collar representation with state spending data on education and social services from US states over time. Modeling compositional budget data, we find that class and gender intersect to shape policy outcomes via state budget allocations, with women's pink‐collar representation associated with increased spending on both education and social services.     

液相色谱-三重四级杆/线性离子阱串联质谱法测定血液中1-(4-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪

目的建立血液中1-(4-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪的液相色谱-三重四级杆/线性离子阱串联质谱(LC-QTrap-MS/MS)的快速检测方法。方法血液经乙腈沉淀蛋白后,振荡、离心、经微孔滤膜过滤后供仪器分析;选用Phenomenex Kinetx®5.0μm Biphenyl 100Å(100mm×2.1mm)分离,柱温40℃;以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相,流速0.5mL/min,梯度洗脱5.5min;以多反应监测(MRM)-信息依赖性采集(IDA)-增强子离子扫描(EPI)-谱库检索的模式进行分析,外标-标准曲线法进行定量分析。结果血液中1-(4-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪的浓度在2~200ng/mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数达到0.9984,回收率在87%以上,日内精密度在5%以下,日间精密度在10%以下,方法的检出限是0.8ng/mL,定量限是2ng/mL。结论该方法采用LC-QTrap-MS/MS和MRM-IDA-EPI模式,既保持与MRM相同的定量灵敏度,也能提供更为丰富的二级质谱碎片,使定性结果更加准确。方法简单快捷,专属性好,回收率高,重现性好,能够用于血液中1-(4-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪同时定性和定量分析。     

Rapid detection of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists impregnated into paper by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

The last few years have witnessed the change in the modalities of smuggling of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) by impregnating them in mail envelopes and fast parcels. Considering the aforementioned scenario, it is important to develop a portable technique to identifying SCRAs through packages. The purpose of this research was to detect SCRAs impregnated into substrates of paper using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Three SCRAs that included 5F-PB-22, AB-FUBINACA and AKB-48 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The three SCRAs and four cutting agents were impregnated into paper of variable thickness at four concentrations (10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/mL). Spectra were collected over the wavenumber range of 650–4000 cm⁻¹ using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and were exported to Matlab 2020b where data analysis was applied. The FTIR spectral data was able to show the three SCRAs could be detected on paper using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and quantitatively modeled using the partial least squares regression algorithm. Principal component analysis showed separate clustering for the compounds that crystallized (5F-PB-22, AB-FUBINACA and caffeine) onto the papers surface from those impregnated into the bulk of the paper (AKB-48 and procaine) with the latter situated near blank papers in score plots. In summary, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy has proven to be a successful non-destructive technique in detecting and quantifying a selection of SCRAs impregnated into paper.     

“大学英语”精品课程建设：以“口语”为特色

根据《大学英语课程教学要求》,本文描述了以“口语”为特色,集课堂、英语寝室、计算机网络、校园文化等“四维”为系统的大学英语精品课程建设模式,要在教学改革创新中保留并丰富“口语领先”这一多年形成的传统智慧。     

联合国全民教育和教育可持续发展目标视角下拉美教育性别平等

由于贫困、社会偏见和传统教育体制的局限性,拉美教育存在较为严重的性别不平等,未达到联合国“2000—2015年全民教育”性别均等和平等目标的要求,主要表现为中学阶段男性失学现象严重,女性面临学习环境不包容、学业中存在障碍和就业竞争力弱等问题。要解决这些问题,需要运用新的思路打开局面。联合国“2015—2030年教育可持续发展目标”的17项具体目标均提及性别平等。该目标强调包容公平和终身学习两个要点,把全民教育关于教育普及和机会均等的各个分散目标整合到上述两个主题之下,这为解决拉美教育性别不平等问题提供了一个综合的解决思路和行为框架。按照该目标的思路,拉美国家应继续实施有条件现金转移支付等公共政策,促进教育机会公平,减少男性失学现象;应努力消除校园暴力和性别歧视,实现优质包容的教育;应重视职业技术教育,为所有男性和女性在学习和工作多个阶段提供灵活的、个性化的、以就业为导向的职业教育,帮助其实现终身学习和可持续发展,促进教育质量的性别平等。     

病毒受体及其研究进展

介绍了病毒受体的基本生物学特性,重点阐述了噬菌体展示、免疫共沉淀及酵母双杂交等病毒受体研究方法,综述了几种重要动物病毒细胞膜受体的研究进展,并对病毒受体研究的发展前景进行了展望。     

列宁的事业及其当代意义——纪念列宁诞辰130周年

列宁毕生的事业至少有两个部分对今天的中国有重要的启示意义。一是列宁晚年关心的中心问题之一 ,即通过改组工农检察院 ,加强工农群众对党和国家机关的监督 ,反对官僚主义 ,保证政权不改变颜色 ;二是以《帝国主义论》为代表的运用阶级分析的方法对帝国主义问题的研究。前者可以给正在深化改革开放并将长期实行市场经济的中国提供重要的借鉴 ;后者对于我们在全球经济一体化浪潮中保持清醒的头脑大有裨益。列宁的思想和事业最大的特点是对阶级和阶级斗争的极端重视 ,这也是马克思主义的基本特征 ,迄今仍有重要的现实意义     

交际教学法与多样化的英语课堂形式

交际教学法强调语言的实际运用,以交际为目的,注重学生学习的主动性。通过介绍以交际教学法为指导而展开的多样化的英语课堂形式,论证该教学法能有效地改变传统教法中学生被动、课堂气氛沉闷的局面,增强学生的英语应用能力和综合素养。     

人的本质与人的价值

作为类的存在物,人的本质是创造性的实践活动;作为群体的存在物,人的本质是一切社会关系的总和;应从人的类本质、群体本质和个体本质出发,来理解人的价值为人的类价值、社会价值和自我价值。人的类价值、自我价值和社会价值,在本质上是统一的,是不可分离地联系在一起的。