中小企业的发展与“社会就业更加充分”目标的实现

比较充分的就业是保持社会和谐的物质基础,而中小企业的充分发展则是实现这一目标的战略性举措。为此,政府必须采取措施,切实改善中小企业的生态环境,以促进中小企业的发展。     

代位求偿权与被保险人剩余赔偿请求权何者优先——兼对英国《海上保险法》中相关规则的反思

海上保险大多是定值保险,在保险标的价格大幅度上涨的情形下,保险赔偿往往是不充分的;同时,在海商法领域,民法中的全部赔偿原则并不适用,船舶所有人、船舶经营人等享有海事赔偿责任限制的权利,因此,对被保险人负有责任的第三人的赔偿数额经常不足,从而导致保险人的代位求偿权与被保险人未受保险赔偿部分的请求权都无法得以满足。在此种情况下,是应当优先保证保险人代位求偿权的实现,还是被保险人未得到保险赔偿部分的损失应首先得到赔偿？抑或按比例受偿？这个问题充满争议。根据MIA 1906规定,在足额保险的情形下,保险人的代位求偿权优先;在不足额保险的情形下,保险人与被保险人应按比例分摊第三人的赔偿额。对这一结论进行深刻反思,并指出代位求偿权不同于一般的债权转让,依据债权平等的一般民法原理解决这一难题是不妥的,只有根据代位求偿权的立法目的才能妥善解决这一难题,同时基于对中国法的客观解释得出＂被保险人优先＂的结论。     

再论中国抗日战争是十四年

20世纪 30至 40年代发生的中国抗日战争 ,应是 14年而非 8年。日本对中国大规模的侵略战争 ,是从 1931年 9月 18日发动沈阳事变、侵占中国东北就开始的。与此相应 ,中国军民也从那时就开始了反抗日本侵略的军事斗争与救亡运动。从1931年“九一八”事变到 1937年“七七”事变这 6年局部抗战 ,与此后 8年的全面抗战 ,共同构成了中国人民伟大的抗日战争史     

比例责任在侵权法上的适用之检讨

传统的"全有全无原则"在处理新型侵权案件之时,难以平衡加害人和受害人的利益,比例责任作为"全有全无原则"的补充则能较好地平衡加害人和受害人的利益。比较法上,主要是在责任成立阶段,通过引入概率因果关系理论,结合损害的酌定,建构比例责任理论。我国侵权法上,比例责任还适用于责任范围的确定上,如多数人侵权"共同因果关系"案型,但是该层面的比例责任不宜扩展至单独侵权。两种类型的比例责任具有不同的教义学基础:前者的基础是《侵权责任法》的公平责任原则,其能在特殊案型中对因果关系和损害重新解释;后者的基础则是《侵权责任法》第12条。应当认识到比例责任有其适用范围和限度,其只能作为传统侵权的补充。产品侵权、医疗侵权、环境侵权和"共同因果关系"数人侵权是我国侵权法上典型的比例责任适用的案型,相关理论仍然需要进一步厘定。     

Full Range Leadership Styles and Government IT Team Performance: The Critical Roles of Follower and Team Competence

Abstract

In this study, we explore how leadership affects team performance from a team and follower competence perspective. We base our study on the Full Range Leadership (FRL) model, which proposes three different leadership styles: passive/avoidant, transactional, and transformational. The FRL has been well-studied outside the public administration environment, but rarely considering the three leadership styles simultaneously, or with team level outcomes. We propose a sequential mediation model in which leadership styles relate to follower competencies, which in turn relate to team competence, and then team performance. Our research design is distinctive in that we study all three FRL styles simultaneously, examine team performance as opposed to individual performance, and utilize data from three levels of a municipal government IT department. We found that transformational leadership was directly and indirectly related to team performance in the expected positive directions. Transactional leadership was mostly ineffective, while passive/avoidant leadership had complicated relationships with team performance that were both positive (direct) and negative (indirect through competence). We conclude that the three FRL styles have varying degrees of effectiveness as direct and indirect predictors of team performance. We discuss the implications of our results for leadership of public administration organizations.     

关于发挥知识分子作用的几点思考

中国共产党历来重视知识分子问题,注意贯彻落实知识分子政策,充分发挥他们的积极作用.知识分子政策是其作用发挥的前提保证,知识分子的社会定位是其作用发挥的基本保障,党外知识分子的特殊作用是统一战线得以巩固的基础.     

二审全面审查制度应当废除

我国《刑事诉讼法》明确规定了二审全面审查原则。这个原则作为一种制度,使二审法院必须要对当事人没有上诉、检察机关也没有抗诉的一审判决中认定的事实部分或法律适用部分进行全面的审理。这个制度,既不符合刑事诉讼中控审分离的基本原理,违背了现代司法制度中审判中立的基本原则,也不符合诉讼经济原则和世界各国的普遍做法。因此,应当在修改《刑事诉讼法》时废除这一制度。     

Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Gunshot Defects to Bone: An Underutilized Source of Information on Ballistic Trauma

Recent years have seen increasing involvement by forensic anthropologists in the interpretation of skeletal trauma. With regard to ballistic injuries, there is now a large literature detailing gross features of such trauma; however, less attention has been given to microscopic characteristics. This article presents analysis of experimentally induced gunshot trauma in animal bone (Bos taurus scapulae) using full metal jacket (FMJ), soft point (SP), and captive bolt projectiles. The results were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additional analysis was conducted on a purported parietal gunshot lesion in a human cranial specimen. A range of features was observed in these samples suggesting that fibrolamellar bone response to projectile impact is analogous to that observed in synthetic composite laminates. The results indicate that direction of bullet travel can be discerned microscopically even when it is ambiguous on gross examination. It was also possible to distinguish SP from FMJ lesions. SEM analysis is therefore recommended as a previously underexploited tool in the analysis of ballistic trauma.     

FAMILY GROUP CONFERENCES

Family group conferencing has emerged as a child welfare system–transforming practice that fosters new collaborations between families, child welfare practitioners, and the courts. The key components of the model are explained. This article highlights the strengths and challenges associated with incorporating family group conferencing into traditional child welfare agency and court practice. It suggests future practice considerations and outcome-based study that are necessary to strengthen and sustain family group conferencing as a prevention/intervention strategy.     

物权平等保护对和谐社会建设的促进作用之探析

《物权法》的一个最大的亮点是明确规定了物权平等保护的原则。即给予国家、集体和私人所有的物权以同等的法律保护。这一原则的规定对我国正在进行的和谐社会的建设具有重大的促进作用。体现了社会公平和正义,解决了社会矛盾,体现了民主、法治精神,为和谐社会建设提供了法律保障。