外伤与肺部感染5例尸检分析

外伤与肺部感染５例尸检分析刘新社，张迪（１．西安医科大学法医系；西安７１００６１２．黑龙江省绥化地区中级人民法院；绥化１５２０００）ＲＥＬＡＴＩＯＮＳＨＩＰＢＥＴＷＥＥＮＴＲＡＵＭＡＡＮＤＬＵＮＧＩＮＦＥＣＴＩＯＮ：ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦ５ＣＡＳＥＳ￥...     

论无过错输血感染的责任认定

要输血感染是医疗机构临床用血所面临的一大困境,尤其是因某些危险因素的窗口期导致的无过错输血感染,并非医疗机构及其医务人员的过错,而是受到了当前医疗技术水平的限制,《侵权责任法》对这类输血感染并未做出区分,一律适用了严格责任,并不符合医疗活动的实际状况,也不能真正起到缓解医患矛盾的作用。而对临床输血以是否符合法律、法规和相关诊疗规范为标准进行区分,将窗VI期引起的无过错输血感染排除在医方的责任以外,通过补偿制度或第三方保险来解决,才是实现医患之间实质公平的途径。     

法理的视角：性别对自然人的影响

性别是区分自然人的重要依据,不同的自然人由于性别的不同,在社会关系中的地位有所不同。自然人的性别影响着自然人的家庭生活、社会生活,尤其是自然人的活动空间、国籍、住所、职业等。性别也是一些犯罪的特定的构成要件。     

毒害艾美球虫二次感染雏鸡外周血液免疫功能的变化

将180只14日龄雏鸡随机分为毒害艾美球虫(Eimeria necatrix)初次感染组、二次感染组和对照组,应用免疫SPA菌体花环、间接ELISA及细胞培养技术和四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)测定法对相关免疫学指标进行了检测,以研究毒害艾美球虫二次感染对雏鸡外周血液免疫功能变化的影响。结果显示,毒害艾美球虫二次感染雏鸡外周血液T、B淋巴细胞数量及其对ConA或PMA的增殖反应和血清IgG、IgM、IgA免疫球蛋白含量均不同程度地高于未感染毒害艾美球虫的对照组雏鸡。证实毒害艾美球虫二次感染雏鸡外周血液的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能均明显提高。     

禽呼肠孤病毒鸡源分离株的鉴定与人工感染试验

从临床患病鸡关节病料中分离到一株病毒,在电镜下观察到病毒粒子无囊膜,有双层衣壳,外衣壳直径约75 nm,内核约50 nm;分离病毒株对酸、热有较强的抵抗力,对乙醚不敏感;病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞上能产生以融合细胞为特征的CPE;爪垫接种1日龄雏鸡表现出明显的病毒性关节炎临床症状,并伴有吸收障碍型和坏死型的病理变化;血清中和交叉试验表明,该病毒分离株与国内的2株番鸭源呼肠孤病毒(YH和YB)分离株和国外S1133呈不同程度的交叉反应。通过对分离病毒株进行电镜观察、理化特性试验、病毒感染力测定、致病性试验、血清学试验,可以确定该分离病毒为禽呼肠孤病毒。     

论无过错输血感染的法律责任

目前,无过错输血感染在世界范围内引发了诸多的法律问题,其中,该感染的法律责任的承担更是当下研究的热点。上世纪80年代以来,西方国家对输血安全和输血感染的相关理论和实践经验,于我国有较高的借鉴价值。因此,从我国国情出发,对无过错输血感染应当适用无过错责任原则,同时建立健全相应保险和输血风险基金等制度,切实保护无过错输血感染受害者的合法权益。     

山羊痘病毒感染绵羊的诊断及其p32基因的分子分析

采用细胞培养方法从发生羊痘的绵羊肺组织中分离到1株山羊痘病毒GPV/GSgulang/09,对分离株的p32基因进行了PCR-RFLP和序列比对分析.结果显示,GPV/GSgulang/09株p32基因的扩增产物被Hinf I酶切后出现山羊痘病毒(GPV)特征性的2条带;p32基因序列第166～168位缺失绵羊痘病毒(...     

医疗机构因医院感染应承担的法律责任探讨

医院感染是影响病人安全、医疗质量和增加医疗费用的重要原因。当患者因医院感染受到损害时,医疗机构是否应当承担赔偿责任,医患双方可能各执一词。本文根据《侵权责任法》与《医院感染管理办法》分析、讨论医疗机构因医院感染而应承担的法律责任。     

Disseminated neonatal herpetic infection simulating abusive anal trauma

Potential simulators of premortem trauma present problems of misinterpretation and possible false accusations of caregivers. A case of unsuspected neonatal herpes is reported with associated perianal ecchymosis that raises the possibility of sexual abuse. The decedent was an 8-day-old newborn infant who was born by Cesarean section and treated for 5 days postdelivery for sepsis. The newborn infant was discharged home but returned 2 days later with probable sepsis and new onset of perianal hemorrhage. She died 1 day later with autopsy, revealing neonatal disseminated herpetic infection with early anal involvement consisting of microscopic ulcerations with leukocytoclastic-like vasculitis and rare viral cytopathic changes. These histological changes produced grossly appearing anal ecchymosis with an absence of typical herpetic vesiculopapular lesions, which simulated abusive trauma. This case highlights the importance of considering occult neonatal herpes with associated perianal ecchymosis when presented with possible abusive anal trauma in a newborn infant.     

Signs of Fungal Infection in Dead Mimic the Chronic Torture

The cases of battered woman syndrome (BWS) are very common in India. The majority of the women suffer battering by their family members especially in‐laws. The injuries occurring each time indicate their being battered, but on being questioned about these happenings, a mismatched history being given by them is the major indication of BWS. In many of the cases, the injuries present over the body either in healing stages or in association with skin diseases may mislead the forensic pathologists and investigating agencies. One such rare autopsy was conducted where the healing lesions of the chronic fungal infections were mistaken as the injuries of chronic torture. The case is presented here to remind to the forensic pathologist about the possibility of the signs of chronic fungal infections in dead, which can mimic the torture, and to discuss its medicolegal implications.