Predicting the Onset of Sexual and Drug Risk Behaviors in HIV-Negative Youths with HIV-Positive Mothers: The Role of Contextual,Self-Regulation,and Social-Interaction Factors

HIV-negative, inner-city adolescents with HIV-infected parents are considered to be at high risk for acquiring HIV themselves. Using a modified theory of health behavior, this study examined the effects of maternal HIV infection and psychosocial variables on the onset of sexual and drug risk behavior in 144 HIV-negative adolescents with and without HIV-positive mothers. Adolescents and their mothers were interviewed when the youths were 10–14 years old and again when they were 13–19 years old. By follow-up, 42% of youths reported the onset of vaginal sex (vs 5% at baseline). Marijuana and alcohol use increased from 6 and 38%, respectively, at baseline to 25 and 60% at follow-up. Among those reporting risk behaviors, 40--50% reported onset prior to 14 years. Youth and family psychosocial variables, but not maternal HIV status, were associated with risk behaviour outcomes. Claude A. Mellins research interests include mental health, psychosocial, and public effects of maternal and pediatric HIV; interventions for HIV-affected families; and adherence. Curtis Dolezal research interests include HIV-related sexual behavior in a variety of populations with a particular emphasis on methodology/measurement issues. Elizabeth Brackis-Cott research interests include impact of HIV/AIDS on the lives of children and families directly affected by the disease. Ouzama Nicholson research interests include international public health and pediatric HIV infection and operational issues in developing effective prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection and pediatric HIV care programs. Patricia Warne research interests include program development, structural interventions for HIV, and policy. Heino F. L. Meyer-Bahlburg research interests include psychosexual assessment, the development and determinants of sexual risk behavior, and the effects of HIV disease on sexual functioning.     

传染性牛支原体肺炎自然感染病牛的病理学观察

对自然感染传染性牛支原体肺炎病牛的临床表现进行观察并记录,对病牛进行病理剖检,观察各组织器官的病理学变化,取心、肝、脾、肺、肾、淋巴结、肠道等组织,经福尔马林溶液固定后,进行常规石蜡包埋、切片以及HE染色,并利用NIS-Elements高清晰度彩色图文分析系统记录观察结果。结果显示,该病的主要病理学变化特征为坏死性肺炎、坏死性淋巴结炎以及肾出血。通过与牛肺疫和牛结核病的比较,证实传染性牛支原体肺炎与两者的病理学变化有着本质的不同。     

益肾清热通淋法治疗中老年女性尿路感染的疗效分析

目的 观察益肾清热通淋法对肾虚湿热型中老年女性尿路感染的临床疗效。方法 将90例肾虚湿热型中老年女性尿路感染患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组45例。对照组给予敏感抗生素规范治疗,2周后改为口服低剂量抗生素再治疗4周;治疗组给予敏感抗生素规范治疗2周后停用,同时给予益肾清热通淋汤口服。两组总疗程均为6周。观察两组患者中医证候积分变化,并检测尿细菌学、尿常规、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群（CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+）,治疗结束后随访6个月观察尿路感染复发情况。结果 治疗组患者的中医证候疗效显著优于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗组患者的尿白细胞计数恢复正常时间和6个月内尿路感染复发次数均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗组患者治疗后外周血CD4+、CD4+/CD8+均较治疗前显著提高,且治疗前后CD4+、CD4+/CD8+差值显著大于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 中医益肾清热通淋法能有效改善肾虚湿热型中老年女性尿路感染患者的临床症状,控制病情进展,其作用机制与改善患者细胞免疫功能有关。     

上海市220例新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者中医体质类型分布与防控策略

目的 初步探讨上海局部传播的新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者中医体质类型的分布,为确立核酸筛查和常态化核酸检测的重点人群提供中医体质学说依据。方法 设计中医体质量表,对上海市花博园安徽方舱医院新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者进行中医体质调查,通过中医临床数据采集平台录入一般资料和体质调查数据,并进行统计学分析。结果 220例新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株无症状感染者中,全程无症状感染病例163例,无症状感染者转化为轻型者57例。163例全程无症状感染者中,平和质141例（86.5%）,偏颇质22例（13.5%）,57例无症状感染者转化为轻型者中,平和质3例（5.3%）,偏颇质54例（94.7%）。两组平和质、偏颇质分布率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;全程无症状感染者的平和质分布率显著高于无症状感染者转化为轻型者（P＜0.05）。全程无症状感染者出现频率超过10%的体质类型仅有平和质,而无症状感染者转化为轻型病例出现频率超过10%的体质类型有4种,分别是湿热质、气郁质、痰湿质、气虚质。全程无症状感染者的湿热质、气郁质、痰湿质、气虚质分布率显著低于无症状感染转化为轻型者（P＜0.05）。结论 上海市新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者,由无症状感染者转化为轻型者的发病过程与体质偏颇、基础疾病密切相关;新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染平和质者的隐蔽性强,是优先进行核酸筛查和常态化核酸检测的重点人群。     

针刺综合疗法治疗小儿急性上呼吸道感染高热的随机对照研究

目的 观察针刺治疗小儿急性上呼吸道感染(acute upper respiratory infection,AURI)高热的疗效.方法 150例AURI患儿被随机分为针刺组和西药组,各75例.针刺组选用针刺单侧四关穴、耳尖放血、温水擦浴降温等疗法,西药组采用口服布洛芬混悬液、外用退热医用贴、酒精擦浴降温等疗法.观察两组...     

芙蓉膏外敷治疗腹膜透析导管出口处感染32例

目的 观察芙蓉膏外敷治疗腹膜透析导管出口处感染的临床疗效。方法 选取62例腹膜透析导管出口处感染患者，随机分为对照组30例，研究组32例。研究组应用芙蓉膏外敷在隧道口周，对照组应用莫匹罗星软膏外敷隧道口周，两组均每天换药1次，疗程2周。观察治疗前后患者隧道出口处感染情况，采用腹膜透析外出口处评分体系对患者进行评分；同时观察两组1周内感染控制例数和继发腹膜炎例数。结果 治疗后两组腹膜透析外出口处评分显著低于治疗前（P<0.01），且研究组评分显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。两组1周内感染控制例数和继发腹膜炎例数比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 芙蓉膏能有效治疗腹膜透析导管出口处感染。