国际侦查合作中的刑罚许容性原则

刑罚许容性原则是世界各国参与国际侦查合作的前提条件之一，具有重要的基础性意义。在对相关的国际公约、双边条约或协定以及国内法进行比较考察的基础上，运用刑事诉讼法学以及刑法学的基本原理，论证和阐释了特定犯罪不合作原则的由来、内涵，刑罚许容性的法律表达与理论分类及其价值功能，并且结合立法与司法实践归纳出刑罚许容性原则的发展趋势。     

中日青少年交流回顾与思量

新中国成立后中日青少年交流从无到有、由浅入深、由点及面全面铺开，经历了起步、兴盛和平稳发展3个大的阶段。中日青少年交流主要有交流范围和领域不断扩大，交流密切度与政治关联极大，交流丰富多彩、形式多样，着眼长远，走向机制化以及矛盾与发展相辅相成5个显而易见的特点。两国青少年交流对两国政治、经济、文化等各个方面都有很大影响，最突出的表现为有利于拉近两国国民距离，增进国民感情；有利于减少两国民间误解，增强政治互信。展望未来两国青少年交流，两国应该采取着力建立中日青少年交流长效机制、进行正确的历史观教育、加大两国留学生交流等对策。     

比较法与冲突法关系之重新厘定

在冲突法的发展中 ,比较法一直扮演着重要角色。它提供了外国法的信息 ,推动着冲突规范的起草并指引冲突规范的适用。但从方法论的角度来看 ,二者又存在着潜在的对抗。随着欧洲一体化进程的加快和基本权利地位的提升 ,它从根本上改变着比较法与冲突法的关系 ,并将其引向了一个更新、更高的平台。相比之下 ,美国冲突法的乡土观念却使得比较法与冲突法间的盟友关系在美国本土变得十分脆弱。只有加强比较研究 ,才能从根本上改变美国冲突法的这种“岛国心态”。     

论科学发展观的形成及其理论特性

文章以分析科学发展观形成的理论基础和实践轨迹为切入点,对科学发展观的理论特性进行了详细阐释,导引式地得出了科学发展观是中国特色社会主义现代化建设必须长期坚持的重大战略思想的理论观点。     

浅议学习型党组织建设

建设学习型政党和学习型党组织,是中国共产党人将学习型组织理论运用于自身建设的又一重大理论和实践创新,是对建设学习型社会和学习型组织世界潮流的一种呼应。学习型党组织建设是党的建设改革创新的重要课题。深刻认识建设学习型党组织的时代背景,科学把握其基本特征,深入研究和探讨学习型党组织的科学内涵及建设途径,将有助于学习型党组织建设实践的推进。     

胡锦涛对四项基本原则的新发展——纪念党的十一届三中全会召开暨改革开放三十周年

党的十六大以来,胡锦涛在领导全国各族人民全面建设小康社会的实践中坚持和发展了四项基本原则,他从坚持社会主义道路,坚持人民民主专政,坚持共产党的领导,坚持马列主义、毛泽东思想等四个方面对四项基本原则进行了丰富和发展。     

SEX EDUCATION LEFT AT THE THRESHOLD OF THE SCHOOL DOOR: STRICTER REQUIREMENTS FOR PARENTAL OPT‐OUT PROVISIONS

Current state law creates the risk that, if sex education is not provided to a child in public school, no similar instruction will be given to the child. Legislatively enacted opt‐out provisions give parents broad control over their child's education by granting them the option to have their child excused from any sex education requirements within a public school's curriculum. Through public school sex education, professionals provide youth information aimed at protecting them from the dangers of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A stricter statutory opt‐out provision should be enacted by state legislatures that only allows parents to excuse their child from sex education after a parent attends a 90‐minute STD prevention course and receives the instructional material used in the school's sex education curriculum. Parents should be provided up‐to‐date information and a structural framework designed by the school to encourage them to discuss with their child the many sexual issues addressed within a school's sex education curriculum.     

Automated detection and classification of counterfeit banknotes using quantitative features captured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Counterfeiting of banknotes is still a severe crime problem in many countries. One of the most significant issue for solving the crime is to classify the counterfeit types and identify the sources. Most of the current methods to classify counterfeit banknotes rely on manual examination that is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Moreover, these methods only detect surface features which can be easily imitated through advanced printing technology. In this study, an automated method based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and machine-learning algorithms was proposed to classify different types of banknotes based on the internal features. A spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) system was employed for sub-surface imaging and quantitative assessment of banknotes. A total of 29 Chinese 100-Yuan banknotes were collected, in which 4 of them were real and 25 of them were counterfeiting by three different printing processes. Each banknote was imaged 10 times in 3 distinct regions, which resulted in a dataset of 290 samples. Each sample was characterized by extracting 2 A-scan (OCT signal intensity along depth) based features and 14B-scan (cross-sectional OCT images) based features. Several machine-learning models, including logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and random forest (RF), were built and optimized as the classifiers that were trained using 203 samples and applied to predict 87 testing samples. The best performance was achieved by SVM classifier in which the sensitivity of 96.55% and specificity of 98.85% were obtained in discriminating between authentic and counterfeit banknotes, and the sensitivity of 94.67% and specificity of 98.22% were obtained in predicting the types of counterfeit banknotes. These classifiers were also evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where A-scan and B-scan derived features from OCT images have been used for the detection and classification of different types of counterfeit banknotes.     

“四色文化”与黄河三角洲旅游开发

黄河三角洲作为共和国最年轻的土地,文化多元,既有底蕴深厚的古齐文化和薪火相传的革命文化,又有源远流长的黄河文化和神奇独特的生态文化,更有沿渤海湾,富有鱼盐之利的海洋文化,以及艰苦创业的石油文化,这些多元文化可以归纳为特色鲜明的四色文化。把积极打造“四色文化”作为黄河三角洲旅游开发的长远定位和目标,用文化的理念和目光推动景区建设、旅游产品开发、旅游服务完善等,将会增强区域旅业的吸引力和竞争力。