变动中的劳动世界与工会的未来——第十二届"亚洲社会论坛"侧记

随着经济全球化的发展,各国劳动关系都发生了巨大的变化,工会也遇到了前所未有的挑战。如何在市场竞争中如此激烈的形势下,既要保持国家和企业的竞争力,又能维护劳动者的权益,是各国工会急需解决的重大课题。本届论坛以“变动中的劳动世界与工会的未来”为主题,对亚洲与会各国和地区的劳动关系进行了分析和研究,并注重探讨了工会在劳动关系中应当发挥的重要作用。     

The Past,Present, and Future of Mediation as Seen through the Eyes of Some of Its Founders

This article is drawn from interviews with thirty‐one of mediation's “founders,” those pioneers who began mediating in the 1970s and 1980s, when the field was young. They describe what first attracted them to mediation and why they have remained active in the field. Some told us that they have found it to be both intellectually challenging and interpersonally satisfying to assist disputing parties in their search for a mutually acceptable resolution they could not find on their own. Others see mediation's collaborative approach to decision making as a means of bringing about social and political change that might be otherwise unattainable. The mediators also described the changes they have observed since they entered the field: mediation's dramatic growth, institutionalization in the judicial system, and market domination by lawyers and retired judges. Among the concerns they expressed were the prevalence of a mediation model that focuses primarily on the legal strengths and weaknesses of each party's position, and the dollar amount that should resolve the dispute, with little interest in creative outcomes. Other concerns are a lack of quality control of mediators and trainers, and unproductive debate about whether the “correct” approach to mediation is evaluative, facilitative, or transformative. The mediators who work on public policy matters, including environmental disputes, were the most positive about the opportunity for creativity in their work, considerably more so than those mediators whose practice is primarily business/commercial. The mediators' views of the future of mediation are remarkably similar — their general sense is that the type of mediation that takes place in the shadow of the courts is likely to increase and to become even more routinized than it is at present. Several respondents told us that they also expect to see substantial growth in the use of mediation to resolve public policy issues. Many of these mediators predicted that this type of mediation is likely to be carried out by organizational insiders, rather than outside interveners. As one mediator said, “Maybe there's a new set of mediation roles for people within traditional institutions, not just for free‐standing neutrals.”     

死刑制度在中国面临的挑战及未来的命运

死刑问题是近年来争论不休的热点问题。从历史层面、文化层面以及司法层面对死刑制度进行多角度的考察,对我国死刑制度的未来走向及制约因素进行剖析,指出中国死刑制度的未来走向,并尝试进行合理的制度设计。     

中国民法法典化与生态保护

民法典的制定是中国法制进程中的奠基性事业。文章论述了绿色主义应当成为中国民法法典化的重要理论基础之一,民事主体的变革———将未来世代人视为民事主体的必要性与可能性,关于动物在民法典中的地位问题,民事权利的扩张———独立的环境民事权利的引入,物权法的变革,侵权制度的变革等内容。     

江总书记的讲话是一篇马克思主义的纲领性文献

江总书记的讲话,回顾和总结了我党80年的光辉业绩和基本经验,系统阐述了“三个代表”的科学内涵,回答了新的历史条件下加强和改进党的建设需要解决的重大理论问题和现实问题,是一篇马克思主义的纲领性文献。     

我国干部人事制度改革的回顾与展望

干部人事制度改革是我国政治体制改革的重要组成部分。20世纪80年代以来,经过30多年的改革,我国已初步建立起了适合我国国情的社会主义现代化干部人事制度。本文在回顾我国干部人事制度改革历程的基础上,分析了目前改革中存在的问题,并就未来的改革趋势从干部选拔任用、管理监督以及思想教育等方面提出了相关的建议。     

探析我国私人调查公司之发展

众所周知,在我国社会主义市场经济的转型时期,私人调查业作为一个新型的行业在我国市场上方兴未艾,表现出一定的规模性和产业化。对于其存在与发展,仁者见仁,智者见智。虽然可以适应人们的需求发展私人调查业,但是相关部门要针对已知和未来预见的问题规范行业的发展。     

国际法的危机与前景——从北约空袭南联盟引出的思考

以美国为首的北约对南联盟的战争是一场对国际法的战争。国际法处于二战以来最严峻的危机之中：其一,国际法的基础和基本原则面临着被取代的危险;其二,联合国集体安全体系面临着被废弃的危险;其三,战争法的基本原则和规范面临着被篡改的危险。但是,不管这场战争的结局如何,从现实、历史和国际法的发展趋势看,其最终结果只能是美国的世界霸权梦的破灭、国际法的进一步完善和发展     

未来战争对传统战争观念的挑战

传统的战争观念要随着战争形态的变化而改变。未来战争对传统战争观念将提出四个方面的挑战：“近战制胜观”受到“远战制胜论”的挑战;传统的夜战优势,受到高技术夜视装备器材优势的挑战;传统的以歼灭敌人有生力量为主的思想,受到以歼灭敌人的装备系统为主的思想的挑战;传统的“战争是流血的政治”,受到“战争也可能是不流血的政治”的挑战     

评世界主义者对罗尔斯国际正义理论的批判

由于缺乏足够的阐释和论证,兼之世界主义思潮的影响,当前西方学界对罗尔斯的国际正义理论总体上仍持批判意见。这些批判主要涉及理论旨趣、人民观、人权清单和援助责任等四项焦点问题:前三种批判揭示了罗尔斯理论的疏漏之处,但通过对其思想脉络和观点立场的同情式理解,在既有理论框架内加以翔实阐释,这些理论疏漏可以在一定程度上得到回应和辩护;围绕援助责任的争论,则集中展现了罗尔斯与世界主义者之间的观点分歧,双方在可欲性和可行性两个层面各有优劣。相比之下,容纳二者优势并有所超越的人类命运共同体理念能够为全球正义的理论探讨提供一个更为有效的支点。