Identification and dating of the fountain pen ink entries on documents by ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography

A novel approach for the identification and dating of the fountain pen ink entries on paper has been established by ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC). Twelve black and six red fountain inks have been collected, and their ink entries have been prepared by drawing lines on paper. The chromatographic conditions for separation of their dye components after extraction with solvents were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the 18 fountain pen inks were differentiated individually by comparing the number of detectable main or minor dye components, and the relative peak intensities of each component. The ink entries were artificially and naturally aged, and the analysis results showed that the ink dye components were significantly decomposed when exposed to UV or fluorescent light compare to those of inks stored under natural condition. The changes of the relative peak height for the dye components were linearly related to the aging time, especially under natural aging conditions. The degradation characteristics of the dye components under different aging conditions provide scientific evidences for dating of the suspicious fountain pen ink entries on document.     

Analysis of pain management drugs, specifically fentanyl, in hair: application to forensic specimens

This article discusses the immunoassay screening of pain management drugs, and the mass spectrometric confirmation of fentanyl in human hair. Hair specimens were screened for fentanyl, opiates (including oxycodone), tramadol, propoxyphene, carisoprodol, methadone, and benzodiazepines and any positive results were confirmed using gas chromatography or liquid chromatography with mass spectral detection. The specific focus of the work was the determination of fentanyl in hair, since autopsy specimens were also available for comparison with hair concentrations. Using two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron impact mass spectrometric detection, fentanyl was confirmed in four of nine hair specimens collected at autopsy. The accuracy of the assay at 10 pg/mg was 95.17% and the inter-day and intra-day precision was 5.04 and 13.24%, respectively (n=5). The assay was linear over the range 5-200 pg/mg with a correlation of r(2)>0.99. The equation of the calibration curve forced through the origin was y=0.0053x and the limit of quantitation of the assay was 5 pg/mg. The fentanyl concentrations detected were 12, 17, 490, and 1930 pg/mg and the results were compared with toxicology from routine post-mortem analysis. The screening of pain management drugs in hair is useful in cases where other matrices may not be available, and in routine testing of hair for abused drugs.     

血府逐瘀汤辅助治疗重症闭合性胸外伤临床观察

目的 观察血府逐瘀汤辅助治疗重症闭合性胸外伤的疗效。方法 将60例重症闭合性胸外伤患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。对照组在西医常规对症治疗的基础上进行纤维气管镜肺泡灌洗,治疗组在对照组疗法的基础上加服血府逐瘀汤。采用视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评价患者的胸痛程度,通过检测外周血白细胞(white blood cell, WBC)及血清C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein, CRP)水平评价炎症程度,采用血气分析评价肺通气和换气功能。结果 治疗组患者治疗后VAS评分降低程度显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗组患者住院时间较对照组明显缩短（P<0.05）。治疗第3、7、12天末,治疗组患者血pH值、动脉血氧分压、血氧饱和度均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,动脉血二氧化碳分压、外周血WBC计数、血清CRP水平均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗组临床疗效明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 血府逐瘀汤能提高重症闭合性胸外伤患者肺泡的通透性,改善肺组织的通气及换气功能,降低炎症反应。     

不同炮制温度和时间对炮姜中姜酮含量的影响

目的 考察不同炮制温度和时间对炮姜中姜酮含量的影响。方法 采用超高效液相色谱法对15份不同炮制温度和炮制时间的炮姜样品中姜酮含量进行测定。色谱条件：色谱柱为Acquity BEH C18（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm）;流动相为乙腈-水,梯度洗脱;流速0.3 ml/min,检测波长280 nm,柱温30 ℃。结果 姜酮进样量在0.073 2～0.366 0 μg时与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.999 8）,平均加样回收率为97.42%（RSD=2.35%）。炮姜中姜酮含量随着炮制温度和时间的变化明显,以炮制温度为200 ℃、炮制时间为6 min时样品中姜酮含量最高。结论 炮制过程中姜酮含量随着温度升高和时间延长呈现先升高后降低的趋势,所建立的超高液相色谱法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于炮姜中新生成分姜酮的测定。     

Identification of furosemide in hair in a post‐mortem case by UHPLC‐MS/MS with guidance on interpretation

Testing for drugs in hair raises several difficulties. Among them is the interpretation of the final concentration(s). In a post‐mortem case, analyses revealed the presence of furosemide (12 ng/mL) in femoral blood, although it was not part of the victim's treatment. The prosecutor requested our laboratory to undertake an additional analysis in hair to obtain information about the use of furosemide. A specific method was therefore developed and validated to identify and quantify furosemide in hair by UHPLC‐MS/MS. After decontamination of 30 mg of hair, incubation in acidic condition, extraction with ethyl acetate, the samples were analyzed by UHPLC‐MS/MS. Furosemide was found in the victim's hair at 225 pg/mg. However, it was not possible to interpret this concentration due to the absence of data in the literature. Therefore, the authors performed a controlled study in two parts. In order to establish the basis of interpretation, several volunteers were tested (four after a single 20 mg administration and twenty‐four under daily treatment). The first part indicated that a single dose is not detectable in hair using our method. The second part demonstrated concentrations ranging from 5 to 1110 pg/mg with no correlation between dosage and hair concentrations. The decedent's hair result was interpreted as repeated exposures. In the case of furosemide analysis, hair can provide information about its presence but cannot give information about dosage or frequency of use.     

Analysis of thin-layer chromatograms of paint pigments and dyes by direct microspectrophotometry

The Nanospec 10S microspectrophotometer has been used to produce reflectance spectra over the 380–900 nm range from coloured thin-layer chromatography spots. The method has been applied to extracted paint pigments and to dyes from other materials examined in forensic science.     

开发金属纤维燃烧器——提高天然气应用技术

阐述了我国天然气的发展概况,提出为迎接来自四面八方的天然气,必须具备各种行业的先进燃气应用技术,并且根据目前我国情况,强调提高天然气应用技术的迫切性.同时介绍了国外一种新型金属纤维燃烧器的优越特性.     

生物检材中的液化石油气成分的土顶空GC/MS分析

目的 建立测定人血中液化石油气(LPG)主要成分的定性定量方法。方法 将LPG添加到血中,用综合质谱图及保留时间定性、单离子法定量分析。结果LPG的7种主要成分血中最小检出限为12.8～31.3ng;仪器最小测量限为1.02～3.36ng。结论 土顶空-GC/MS法测定人血中LPG,简便、快速、准确,适用于LPG成分的检测。     

液化石油气与煤气中毒检验的异同

目的 研究液化石油气与煤气中毒鉴定的异同。方法 将实验小白鼠、SD大鼠及家兔分别经液化石油气和煤气染毒,测定中毒后血中碳氧血红蛋白饱和度(HbCO%)及丙烷。结果 煤气中毒家兔体内碳氧血红蛋白饱和度达及49.95%;煤气中毒死亡小白鼠及大鼠体内HbCO%大于60%;液化石油气中毒死亡的家兔、小白鼠及大鼠血中检出丙烷,而体内HbCO%与正常的家兔、小白鼠及大鼠体内HbCO%无明显差异。结论 煤气中毒可通过测定其体内HbCO%进行鉴定;液化石油气中毒后体内HbCO%未见明显升高,可通过测定血中丙烷进行鉴定。     

黑龙江省与俄远东石油天然气合作升级研究

黑龙江省与俄罗斯远东的资源结构具有明显的互补性。因此,应将开发和利用俄远东的自然资源作为与俄投资合作的优先方向。从21世纪起俄罗斯远东油气资源的开发规模将扩大,速度将提升。黑龙江省应抢抓有利时机,充分利用地缘优势,加大力度推进与俄远东地区合作开发和利用油气资源。