再看人格权

在现代民法理论上 ,人格与人格权两者具有不同的含义 ,在概念体系中 ,它们分处不同层次 ;人格权并非仅仅是宪法权利 ,它同样也是一种私权 ;在现代民法体系中 ,一般人格权并不能替代各种具体人格权 ;法人无人格权。     

Pretend It Doesn'T Work: The ‘Anti-Social’ Bias In The Maryland Scientific Methods Scale

The social constructs and methodological principles embodied in the Maryland Scientific Methods Scale (SMS), comprising part of the Campbell Collaboration in Crime and Justice assessment protocol, induce a series of biases in the evaluation of evidence of crime prevention policy interventions that focus on collective social phenomena, such as communities. Applying these principles leads to negative conclusions about effectiveness; yet their inherent ‘anti-social’ bias may induce Type II error with regard to the desirability of ‘social’ interventions to reduce crime. Policy-making is poorly served as a result. This point is illustrated, first, through a scrutiny of the social constructs used, including those that typify treatments, institutional settings and units of analysis. These are seen as being constructed in a way that is congenial to the underlying methodological issue of ‘control’ but that constitute nevertheless a distorted definition of the governance issues involved in crime reduction in community settings. A model more appropriate for evaluating voluntaristic action in civil society is needed. Second, it is suggested that this methodological bias arises particularly in policy interventions and change programmes that address issues concerning the ‘collective efficacy’ of local communities in reducing crime. An empirical exemplification of these arguments is presented with reference to a completed evaluation research study (Foster and Hope, 1993).     

论WTO争端解决机构对一般法律原则的借鉴与发展

一般法律原则作为国际法的渊源,在具体内容和适用上颇有异议,但在最新的国际立法和司法实践中其内涵已经逐渐明确。WTO争端解决机制在实践中创造性地适用了国内法理的一般原则,凸显了一般法律原则的法源意义。我国的涉外司法实践应当关注国际司法实践的发展,并采取积极的应对策略。     

规范司法鉴定程序，完善司法鉴定制度——浅析《司法鉴定程序通则》制定及其相关内容

为了深入贯彻全国人大常委会《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》),为了进一步规范司法鉴定活动,新制定的《司法鉴定程序通则》(以下简称《通则》)自2007年10月1日起施行。这是继2005年9月30日公布的《司法鉴定机构登记管理办法》和《司法鉴定人登记管理办法》颁布实施后,司法部出台的有关司法鉴定管理的又一个与人大《决定》相配套的重要规章。结合工作实践和思考,就新版《通则》及其相关内容作一简要分析。     

论欧盟金融服务法中的母国控制原则

在欧盟金融服务法中,母国控制原则是指跨境金融服务应主要遵循母国的监管规则,相应的监管责任也主要由母国监管当局承担。母国控制原则不能适用于未经金融服务指令协调的领域。相互承认原则是母国控制原则的前提和基础,母国控制原则又是实施相互承认原则的必然要求和具体体现。这一原则的形成与欧盟金融服务市场一体化方法的转变有着密切联系,其发展也是这种新的一体化模式广泛推行的必然结果。立法和司法实践表明,母国控制原则的适用范围尚不明确,其价值没有得到充分的体现。为了消除跨境金融服务的法律壁垒,推动金融服务市场的一体化进程,欧盟金融服务立法应向协调行为规则、进一步明确划分监管责任并扩大母国控制范围的方向发展。     

The right to be forgotten – a Dutch perspective

This paper will be investigate to what extent the right to be forgotten as proposed by the European Commission is already recognized in Dutch tort law. The focus of this paper will be on the existence and the desirability of such a right and not on questions of enforcement. It is submitted that although Dutch law does not recognize the right to be forgotten as such, several judicial decisions can be identified that afford protection to interests that are also protected by the proposed right to be forgotten. This indicates that in the Netherlands a right to be forgotten in some form or another might have developed over time but this would have been a lengthy affair. A more precise formulation of this right by the legislator is therefore welcomed. It has been remarked that the name ‘right to be forgotten’ may give rise to unrealistic expectations but the Dutch experience shows that people do not seem to be very aware of their rights. ‘A right to be forgotten’ – however imprecise from a legal viewpoint – might be catchy enough to remedy this.     

Stalking,harassment and aggressive/intrusive behaviours towards general practitioners: (2) associated factors,motivation, mental illness and effects on GPs

Seventy per cent of general practitioners (GPs) were found in an earlier study to have been subject to aggressive/intrusive behaviours by patients, with nearly 20% stalked and 20% harassed. Using the same sample, an exploration was undertaken of patterns of behaviour, patient characteristics, including mental illness and motivation, GP characteristics, and effects upon them of aggression/intrusion. There were significant differences in patterns of behaviour between stalking and harassment. Nearly half the patients involved were suspected to be mentally ill, including 54.5% of stalking cases. Stalking was significantly associated with intimacy-seeking motivation, and harassment with resentful motivation. No significant associations emerged between sex of patients or GPs and aggressive/intrusive behaviours. Measures of GP time-at-risk were associated with higher prevalence of individual behaviours. GPs’ responses to aggressive/intrusive behaviours included increasing security and changing routines, with small minorities afraid to go out or be at home alone, and a proportion experiencing adverse effects on personal relationships.     

我们需要什么样的民法总则--与德国民法比较

我国民法体系与德国民法体系有重大差异,根本原因是立法理念和思路不同。德国民法体系是以权利为核心构建的,所反映的法律关系理论属于“权利关系”阶段的理论。我国民法是以法律关系为核心构建的,所反映的法律关系理论属于“权利义务责任关系”阶段的理论。从立法技术上看,我国民法体系与德国民法体系有重大差异的根源在于,民法上责任的概念和内涵及责任与义务的关系有重大差异。由于《德国民法典》是以权利为核心构建的,请求权在民法中占有十分重要的地位。我国民法体系是以法律关系为核心构建的,体现为以权利———义务———责任为主线,我国民法上请求权的功能与德国民法上请求权的功能不同。     

The Malay Community: Voting Trends and Issues

Abstract

This article attempts to analyse the reasons for the Malay community’s seeming support for the People’s Action Party (PAP) government in Singapore, in spite of online discontent that was expressed towards the party immediately prior to the elections. The article makes three main arguments: first, that the reasons explaining the community’s support for PAP are similar to other Singaporeans, such as the death of founding leader Lee Kuan Yew and the risk-averse nature of the electorate; second, that institutional impediments exist with regard to the community that heavily favour the government; and third, that the main opposition party, the Workers’ Party, has not been able to present itself as a viable alternative to PAP for the community in terms of either quality of candidates or ideas for governance.     

积极刑法观的反思与批判

面对日益增加的社会风险,我国刑事立法不断扩张处罚的范围,这种立法的积极姿态也得到了学者的认同,从而形成了积极刑法观的主张。积极刑法观的含义包括理念、立法、司法三个方面,其与预防刑法观、风险刑法观与功能主义刑法观都存在不同。无论从现实还是从法理层面而言,积极刑法观都存在许多疑问。在现实层面,我国现行刑法的结构并非是厉而不严,而是又严又厉。刑法的但书规定意味着立法采取定性加定量的模式,这与积极刑法观的立论或多或少存在冲突。我国司法机关一直采取扩张解释乃至于类推解释来适用刑法,因此指望通过司法实践来限缩处罚范围的观点并不现实。在法理层面,积极刑法观导致了刑罚权的过度扩张,冲击了人的基本自由,因而抵触宪法;同时它也违反了谦抑原则和比例原则的具体要求,并且作为其依据的积极一般预防理论的根基并不稳固。在方法论上,必须重提"李斯特鸿沟"的重要法治意义。