国外财政转移支付法律制度及其经验概介

财政转移支付法律制度是实行分税制国家的一项基本的财经法律制度。它在加强宏观调控、协调地区均衡、维护国家稳定、促进社会和谐发展等方面发挥着重要的作用。本文拟通过对美国、日本和德国等国家财政转移支付法律制度的成功经验进行考查和总结,为我国的财政转移支付法律制度的完善提供借鉴。     

美国国际战略的国内根源

美国国际战略的拟定、调整和演变是多种国际和国内因素合力作用的结果。从国内因素来看,现实主义与理想主义之间的理念辩论、共和党与民主党之间的政党斗争、不同地区民意取向之间的较量是影响美国战略调整的重要变量。美国在建国初期和两次世界大战结束之后对国际战略作出的基本定位或重大调整,是考察国内因素与国际因素如何在美国对外战略决策中关联并互动的重要时期。国内变量与国际变量互动的规律和模式,则为把握未来美国对外战略调整的可能走向提供了一种指南。     

论党的第三代领导集体的治国方略

依法治国、以德治国、科教兴国是一个整体。三“国”结合,治国与兴国统一筹谋,统一运作,就是以江泽民为核心的党的第三代领导集体全方位的治国方略。     

大学生心理健康状况普查报告

采用大学生人格问卷(UPI)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对陕西经济管理职业技术学院在校大学生进行心理健康状况测量。结果表明,大学生总体心理健康状况良好,但部分学生心理健康状况值得关注;大学生心理健康状况个体差异显著,影响其心理健康水平的因素多样,不同年级大学生心理健康状况差异显著,且面临的困扰也表现为不同内容;大学生心理问题在表现形式上有所侧重。     

自杀性暴力犯罪及其防范对策研究

自杀性暴力犯罪已成为影响我国社会治安的一个敏感而重大的问题,由于此类犯罪的危害后果非常严重,因此,在研究如何侦查此类案件的同时,应当着重探索此类犯罪的基本特征和发生规律,在防范对策上下功夫。     

Unleashing the power of consultations and partnerships through Aboriginal participation

What are the extent to which and the means by which Canada＇s Aboriginals are involved in consultation and more importantly, partnerships with other political actors to achieve indigenous-based change？ This paper examines this question in the larger framework of new public management （NPM） theory. NPM postulates that consultation involving public sector engagement with citizens （community engagement/ participation） will improve the quality of decisions regarding the content and delivery of policies and programs. The degree to which the public is empowered to engage with the public sector can be measured along a public participation spectrum, developed by the International Association for Public Participation （IAP2）, which measures varying degrees of public participation resulting in different forms of consultations and/or partnerships （inform, consult, involve, collaborate and empower）. This paper will examine the existing literature on public consultation and public participation which will help identify the level of Aboriginal involvement in the policy process. More specifically, this paper will examine the Government of Alberta＇s 2004 ＂Grades 10-12 Social Studies Consultation＂ and the Government of Canada＇s 2008 ＂Environment Canada＇s Aboriginal Consultations on Wastewater＂, each of which involved government initiatives to carry out consultation with various Aboriginal actors. Ultimately, this paper argues that the different levels of governments in Canada have only employed the first two stages of the public participation spectrum （＂inform＂ and ＂consult＂） and therefore, have not empowered First Nations communities to become meaningful partners in the policy-making process and the democratic process at large.     

慎行缓起诉制度

基于对传统报应刑罚观的反思,现代刑事政策发生了某些转向。在“两极化刑事政策”、社区矫正、保护被害人、“除罪化”等刑事理念的影响下,现代国家对于轻罪案件中被指控人的处遇问题作了重新审视。缓起诉制度时被指控人虽有“去犯罪标签”之功能,但其适用不当可能侵蚀法官保留原则、滋生检察官权力滥用,进而有损刑事司法的谦抑性。我国未来如果引入缓起诉制度,应当严格限定其适用条件,并设置必要的救济程序。     

谈经济犯罪案件的分析方法

在日常经侦工作中,对错综复杂的经济犯罪案件进行准确的分析和定性,是每一位经侦部门的领导和侦查员必须掌握的基本技能。只有对案件的性质有一个正确的认识,才能真正做到依法办案,从而提高办案质量。文章从当前经济犯罪案件分析中存在的三个问题入手,提出了分析经济犯罪案件的原则和一般方法,这些原则和方法的合理运用无疑将对一线经侦民警更好地打击经济犯罪起到较大的帮助作用。     

民事优先权之概念及性质辩析

民事优先权是指所有具备优先行使或优先实现效力的民事权利的总称。其核心是一种以优先实现为内容的利益,这种利益是由民法赋予特定人享有的,由民法确认和保护。民事优先权包括先取特权、优先申请权、优先受让权、优先承包权、优先承租权等。在性质上,民事优先权既不能笼统地归入实体权利或程序权利,也不能简单地归入物权或债权。民事优先权也不只是权利的一种效力,而是一种新型的、独立的民事权利。     

Regionalization in East Asia

Institutional regionalization has come very late to East Asia compared with Europe, but its pace has dramatically increased since the mid-1990s. Many agreements, including bilateral ones such as those signed between Japan and Singapore, or pluri-lateral ones such as those between ASEAN countries, cover an ever increasing number of countries of the East Asian region, including Japan, India, and China. We first analyze Asian integration as a de facto, spontaneous, development of trade. Trade specialization in Asia has often been described as guided by the different levels of development of the countries participating in the regional integration. It constitutes a vertical division of labor between poor countries exporting natural resources and/or labor-intensive products to developed countries exporting machinery, sophisticated parts and components, and high-tech products. This trade structure is radically different from the European horizontal division of labor (exchange of different varieties of similar goods). Then we look at the micro-economic level how Japanese firms tend to integrate Asia into their international network, with Japanese partners being used as relays for Japanese export of semi-manufactured products. Last we present a simulation with the MIRAGE model of a scenario of general regionalization in which all the regions of the world develop preferential treatment for neighboring countries. These agreements are limited to industrial products with particular attention to the automotive sector. The main results are that Asia is the main winner in such a scenario, and within Asia it is Japan and Korea that will be the main winners. In fact, because developing Asia is one of the most protected regions of the world, the impact of liberalization is also the highest. Second, Japan and Korea are best placed to profit from these regional agreements, because other developed countries are excluded from the market of developing Asia. They also have superiority in manufacturing goods whereas countries like China might have problems upscaling their industrial production. Nevertheless our model did not take into account the voluntary pace of development chosen by China and that she will use her powerful state system to avoid being locked into low-tech, low-value-added products.