Marriage and Desistance from Crime in the Netherlands: Do Gender and Socio-Historical Context Matter?

Over the last two decades, research examining desistance from crime in adulthood has steadily increased. The evidence from this body of research consistently demonstrates that salient life events—in particular, marriage—are associated with a reduction of offending across the life course. However, previous studies have been largely limited to male samples in the United States. As a result, questions regarding the universal effect of these relationships remain. Specifically, research is needed to assess whether the desistance effect of life events like marriage varies by gender and/or socio-historical context in countries other than the U.S. The present research addresses these gaps by examining the relationship between marriage and criminal offending using data from the Criminal Career and Life Course Study (CCLS). The CCLS includes criminal conviction histories spanning a large portion of the life course for nearly 5,000 men and women convicted in the Netherlands in 1977. Because we assess change over multiple observations within and between individuals, we utilize hierarchical models to estimate gender and contextual effects of marriage on criminal offending (i.e., any, violent, and property convictions). Overall, we find consistent support for the idea that marriage reduces offending across gender and socio-historical context. Notably, we find that the reduction in the odds of offending due to marriage is significantly greater for individuals in the most contemporary context. The implications of these findings are discussed.

反垄断法的一般条款解读——中国反垄断法第4条释义

一般条款是法律明文规定的基本法律原则。我国《反垄断法》第4条是整个反垄断法的一般条款,指出以健全统一、开放、竞争、有序的市场体系为目标,必须制定与我国社会主义市场经济相适应的竞争规则,同时要完善宏观调控,妥善地处理好竞争政策与宏观调控各政策之间的关系。作为反垄断法的一般条款,它是反垄断立法和执法、司法的最高价值取向和根本指针。     

从何以可能到现实路径——关于当前哲学对话问题的沉思

哲学对话的重要性,已经取得学界的共识。在当前的中国语境之下,如何加强不同哲学,尤其是中、西、马哲学之间的对话和交流?问题的厘清必须从中、西、马哲学的对话何以可能谈起,从何以能对话(前提根据)、为什么对话(目的意义)到以什么对话(话题内容)的分析进路,不仅是对话问题的展开逻辑,而且内在地蕴含着对如何来对话,即中、西、马哲学对话的现实路径这一问题的解答。     

浅析我国反不正当竞争法一般条款的完善

目前我国的《反不正当竞争法》并没有明确规定一般条款,从而使得在司法实践中难以适用。因此,我国《反不正当竞争法》需要借鉴德国《反不正当竞争法》的成功立法和法律实践,规定明确的一般条款,以应对因时而发展的各类列举情况之外的实质不正当竞争行为。     

意思表示解释规则的语用学分析

意思表示解释对当事人真意的探寻实际上需要通过语义的探究来实现。语用学以语言哲学对意义的思考为滥觞,为意思表示的解释提供了新的视野和方法。依照解释学理论建构的意思表示解释规则,在一定程度上与语用学的意义探究方法相契合,但同时也表现出零散、不系统和立场游移的特点。因而,意思表示解释规则的建构应综合解释学的"解释者—文本"与语用学的"言语—言说者"双重视角,为解释者提供更具操作性的规则。     

美国“其他保险条款”诉讼：现状与未来

其他保险条款诉讼是一个已经困扰了美国法院近四分之三个世纪的极其复杂的法律问题。美国各州在司法上对该问题的解决方式也存在差异。文章通过对美国有关其他保险条款冲突典型判例的分析,试图寻找美国法院在长期的判例实践中所形成的一些相对比较成熟的解决其他保险条款冲突问题的判例规则及其未来在解决该问题上所遵循的价值理念和解决思路,以此希望能为我国将来保险立法的进一步完善和对解决我国目前既无法可依又无章可循的其他保险条款诉讼提供可资借鉴的法律原则和价值理念。     

Avoiding the internet of insecure industrial things

Security incidents such as targeted distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on power grids and hacking of factory industrial control systems (ICS) are on the increase. This paper unpacks where emerging security risks lie for the industrial internet of things, drawing on both technical and regulatory perspectives. Legal changes are being ushered by the European Union (EU) Network and Information Security (NIS) Directive 2016 and the General Data Protection Regulation 2016 (GDPR) (both to be enforced from May 2018). We use the case study of the emergent smart energy supply chain to frame, scope out and consolidate the breadth of security concerns at play, and the regulatory responses. We argue the industrial IoT brings four security concerns to the fore, namely: appreciating the shift from offline to online infrastructure; managing temporal dimensions of security; addressing the implementation gap for best practice; and engaging with infrastructural complexity. Our goal is to surface risks and foster dialogue to avoid the emergence of an Internet of Insecure Industrial Things.     

财政转移支付结构调整困境及其人权再定位

为便于落实财政转移支付规范目标,我国将其分为一般性转移支付与专项转移支付,并分别予以功能定位。然而,受诸多因素影响,两类转移支付功能发挥产生混同与偏差,导致转移支付整体功能受限,转移支付结构调整陷入困境。对此,以结构视角分析,虽便于理解和说明,但需要注意到结构主义自身容易带有的对主体、环境及转移支付整体结构平衡的忽视这些局限,谨防将结构调整简化为增加一般性转移支付份量、减少专项转移支付份额到预设的比例。现有体制环境下,基于转移支付人权保障属性,有必要对转移支付结构进行人权维度再定位,为其整体功能圆满实现提供新的纠偏视角与规范途径。     

PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION: RETHINKING THE REASONS,NATURE, AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

This paper rethinks the reasons for and the nature and means of personal data protection. The reasons for personal data protection are that it could promote the fairness and effectiveness of information flow, help individuals develop their independent personality, and equip them to deal with risks. With respect to the nature of personal data, this paper argues that such data should not be perceived from a purely individualistic point of view. Rather, there should be a contextualized understanding of the data, which considers the appropriate information flow of personal data within a particular context. Regarding the legal framework of personal data protection, this paper suggests that consumer protection law and public law are better equipped to protect personal data than tort, contract, or property law.     

论行政许可的基本原则

行政许可的基本原则是行政许可法的基本精神之所在 ,也是行政许可法所要解决的一个核心问题。我国新近出台的《行政许可法》明确规定了行政许可应当遵循的一般原则和特殊原则。行政许可的一般原则包括许可法定原则 ,公开、公平、公正原则和权利救济原则 ;特殊原则包括便民与效率原则、信赖保护原则、许可不得转让原则以及许可与监督相结合的原则。