美国无救助义务规则的修正

无救助义务是美国传统侵权法上的一项重要规则。由于社会组织结构的精细化使人与人之间的关系更加紧密了,容易出现牵一发而动全身的局面,如果还任由人们对他人的困境无动于衷可能会造成无法挽回的严重后果,加之作为与不作为的区分越来越小,故美国选择了一条侵权过失责任的改良道路,主张不作为不应该成为被告承担过失责任的障碍。而美国的司法判例和立法经验也告诉我们,一般无救助义务规则正经受两方面的侵蚀:一是扩大特殊救助义务的范围;二是通过制定法律承认一般救助义务。     

对宗教"五性"的再认识

宗教“五性”是马克思主义宗教观与我国社会宗教实际相结合的产物 ,是马克思主义宗教理论在新的历史条件下的坚持和发展 ,是完善和正确执行党的宗教政策的基本点。我国正处于社会转型时期 ,对宗教“五性”的再认识 ,是我们进一步深化对国情的再认识。     

索绪尔符号观再评价

语言符号的任意性是贯穿索绪尔语言符号学思想的一条重要原则.任意性理论的提出,并不纯粹是索绪尔本人对符号本质问题深刻反思的结果,而很大程度上得益于对其他许多非语言符号的比较.这是划分两类不同符号系统的一条重要标准.但是,索绪尔过分强调能指的形式侧面在符号结合体中的作用,相反对待号的能指侧面在物质质料构成上的特征,以及这些特征如何有助于区别开不同的符号体系这一问题,却注意不够.符号的解释主体对符号形态的认同,除了符号的所指功能外,实际上对符号的能指侧面的物质质料特征有着很大程度的偏重.这也是符号学的代码理论所要研究的重大问题.     

一般债权作为质押标的可操作性的探讨

一般债权作为质押标的有其存在合理性和合法性,且允许转让.其条件是设定质押的债权必须具有可转让性;必须通知原债务人.为主债权清偿期已到,入质债权清偿期未至时,质权人只能首先向其债务人要求清偿.质权的行使仍需等到作为质押标的的一般债权届满方可.第三债权人可直接向第三债务人要求偿债,按物权优于债权原则,质权应首先得到实现.     

对盗窃信用卡并使用行为的定性

我国《刑法》第一百九十六条第三款规定:盗窃信用卡并使用的,以盗窃罪论处。该款规定并不妥当,因为盗窃信用卡并使用的行为可能触犯盗窃罪、信用卡诈骗罪或诈骗罪。故应予以删除。     

公安院校大学生自我效能感与职业认同现状及相关性研究

为调查公安院校大学生自我效能感与职业认同现状并探讨其相关性,通过整群抽样法选取某公安院校3280名大学生,采用一般自我效能感量表和警察职业认同量表进行调查,结果显示:该公安院校大学生的一般自我效能感总分为(26.49±5.72)分,职业认同总分为(11.55±1.64)分;单因素分析显示,自我效能感总分、职业认同总分在...     

论黑社会性质组织犯罪的主客观原因

黑社会性质组织犯罪的原因有主观和客观两方面。客观方面的原因主要有:地区差距、城乡差距及行业差距拉大,贫富悬殊、劳动力过剩和人口密集、经济体制改革和市场规则不完善等经济原因,流动人口管理处于失控状态、基层政权控制力量相对减弱、对黑社会性质组织犯罪打击不力、严重落后的教育状况等社会原因以及政治腐败等;主观方面的原因主要有:黑社会性质组织犯罪能够满足组织成员的合群心理、归属感和成就感,减轻组织成员的罪恶感,并满足组织成员日益膨胀的犯罪需求。     

保持共产党员先进性必须突出党员的能力素质建设

在共产党员先进性的构成要素中,政治和思想素质是共产党员先进性的首要问题,是共产党员先进性前提和基础;能力素质和业绩是共产党员先进性诸要素的内在统一,是党员的先进性在实际工作中的体现。保持共产党员先进性,必须重视增强党员践行“三个代表”重要思想、贯彻落实科学发展观的能力和水平,加强共产党员的能力素质建设。     

How do coalition signals shape voting behavior? Revealing the mediating role of coalition expectations

Existing empirical research suggests that there are two mechanisms through which pre-electoral coalition signals shape voting behavior. According to these, coalition signals both shift the perceived ideological positions of parties and prime coalition considerations at the cost of party considerations. The work at hand is the first to test another possibility of how coalition signals affect voting. This coalition expectation mechanism claims that coalition signals affect voting decisions by changing voters' expectations about which coalitions are likely to form after the election. Moreover, this paper provides the first integrative overview of all three mechanisms that link coalition signals and individual voting behavior. Results from a survey experiment conducted during Sweden's 2018 general election suggest that the coalition expectation mechanism can indeed be at work. By showing how parties' pre-electoral coalition behavior enter a voter's decision calculus, the paper provides important insights for the literature on strategic voting theories in proportional systems.     

Small winners and big losers: strategic party behaviour in the 2017 Dutch general election

Abstract

This article analyses party strategies during the campaign for the Dutch general election of March 2017, making use of issue-yield theory. It investigates whether parties strategically emphasise high-yield issues, by juxtaposing the issue opportunities provided by voters with parties’ issue emphasis during the campaign. More specifically, it asks whether parties strategically emphasised issues that were expected to reward them electorally. Analysing voter preferences and party campaign data, it is found that parties and most of their constituencies show high ideological consistency, that parties emphasise mostly positional issues and thus choose a conflict-mobilising strategy, and that most parties emphasise high-yield issues rather than following the general political agenda. Four small parties that won significantly behaved strategically while the social democrats – who severely lost – hardly did. The findings imply that the issue-yield framework can help to explain the election result in the fragmented Dutch multi-party context.