应用RAPD技术分析禽多杀性巴氏杆菌广西分离株的DNA多态性

应用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术 ,以随机引物单条或成对组合的方式对 9株禽巴氏杆菌 (PM )广西分离株和 3个参考株的DNA进行了多态性分析。结果显示 ,在选用的 2 0个引物中 ,有 4对引物 (4条引物成对组合 )扩增的条带为 1～ 16条 ,其长度在 90～ 2 6 0 0bp。相似指数分析显示 ,PM广西分离株GX2与GX4的相似指数最高 ,为 0 .97;GX7与B2 6T12 0 0的相似指数最低 ,为 0 .2 1,C4 8 1标准强毒株与PM广西分离株间的相似指数为 0 .33～ 0 .6 4。表明广西当地的流行株呈现多样性 ,与PM标准强毒株存在差异。     

广西地区壮族人群17个STR基因座遗传多态性研究

目的调查广西地区壮族人群17个STR基因座遗传多态性,为法医物证鉴定和群体遗传研究提供基础数据。方法收集2624份广西地区壮族人群无关个体样本采用Chelex-100提取样本DNA,用PowerPlex■18D System试剂盒进行PCR扩增及检测,计算群体遗传学参数。结果17个常染色体STR基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律(P>0.05),共检测出235个等位基因,971种基因型,累积个体识别率(TDP)为0.999999999999999,累积非父排除率(CPE)为0.999999772。结论17个STR基因座在广西地区壮族人群中具有较好的遗传多态性,可以用于法医学中个体识别和亲权鉴定,也可用于群体遗传学及法医学研究。     

云南壮族人群15个STR基因座遗传多态性

目的 对600个云南壮族人群15个常染色体短串联重复(short tandem repeat,STR)序列基因座的遗传多态性进行调查,探讨云南壮族群体遗传学特性及在法医学中的应用价值.方法 使用AmpFLSTR? Identifiler? Direct PCR扩增试剂盒对此地区600名壮族无关个体血样DNA进行PCR扩...     

H19基因上游差异性甲基化区SNPs多态性研究

目的获得H19基因上游差异性甲基化区中SNPs的群体遗传学信息。方法采用PCR和测序技术,对105例中国北方汉族健康无关个体H19上游启动子区检测;使用Haploview 4.1和PowerStats V12软件进行统计学分析。选用甲基化敏感的限制内切酶(msRE)HpaⅡ,检测5个家系样本H19等位基因的亲代来源。结果测序结果显示,H19启动子区含有13个SNPs,组成5种单倍型,13种单倍型组合,其个体识别能力为0.856、多态性信息含量为0.67、非父排除率为0.498。经msRE HpaⅡ消化母源等位基因后,进行PCR及测序分析,检测出父源等位基因,排除1例和肯定4例家系的亲缘关系。结论 DNA甲基化标记和SNPs多态性检测,可同时进行多态性分型并确定等位基因的亲代来源,具有较高的法医学应用价值。     

Paying the levy: Taxable wealth in Bridgetown,Barbados, 1680–1715

Differential fertility can be attributed to economic and cultural factors, but the family also plays an important role. Fertility behavior may be transmitted from parents to children through heritable dispositions or via socialization. Previous research has shown, however, that the expression of genetic effects depends on the interplay with the environment. In this article we take a long-term view and examine how the different mechanisms shifted over time and across social and local contexts on the basis of a large-scale database containing 100 thousand sibling pairs born between 1810 and 1870 in the Dutch province of Zeeland, a society undergoing demographic transition and industrialization. Corroborating earlier research, we find a significant increase in the expression of heritabilities and a fading of social influence for women born after the 1840s, who started their reproductive careers during the historical fertility decline in this region. Our study points out that the ‘social control’ of fertility was particularly reduced for women born in towns, women originating from the urban or rural laboring classes, and women from communities with a relatively liberal religious climate. Our findings are in line with research emphasizing the important role played by women in decision-making processes around childbearing, and could indicate the conditions that enhanced women's position in household bargaining during the historical fertility decline.     

Sequencing of human identification markers in an Uyghur population using the MiSeq FGxTM Forensic Genomics System

Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) offers a useful alternative to capillary electrophoresis (CE) based analysis of human identification markers in forensic genetics. By sequencing short tandem repeats (STRs) instead of determining the fragment lengths by CE, the sequence variation within the repeat region and the flanking regions may be identified. In this study, we typed 264 Uyghur individuals using the MiSeq FGx™ Forensic Genomics System and Primer Mix A of the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit that amplifies 27 autosomal STRs, 25 Y-STRs, seven X-STRs, and 94 HID-SNPs. STRinNGS v.1.0 and GATK 3.6 were used to analyse the STR regions and HID-SNPs, respectively. Increased allelic diversity was observed for 33 STRs with the PCR-MPS assay. The largest increases were found in DYS389II and D12S391, where the numbers of sequenced alleles were 3–4 times larger than those of alleles determined by repeat length alone. A relatively large number of flanking region variants (28 SNPs and three InDels) were observed in the Uyghur population. Seventeen of the flanking region SNPs were rare, and 12 of these SNPs had no accession number in dbSNP. The combined mean match probability and typical paternity index based on 26 sequenced autosomal STRs were 3.85E−36 and 1.49E + 16, respectively. This was 10 000 times lower and 1 000 times higher, respectively, than the same parameters calculated from STR repeat lengths.

Key Points

• Sequencing data on STRs and SNPs used for human identification are presented for the Uyghur population.
• STRinNGS v.1.0 was used to analyse the flanking regions of STRs.
• The concordance between PCR-CE and PCR-MPS results was 99.86%.
• Detection of sequence variation in STRs and their flanking regions increased the allelic diversity.

     

论遗传资源知识产权保护的正当性

遗传资源纳入知识产权保护具有正当性。现代知识产权法的历史演进超越传统知识产权理论,"智力劳动成果说"不是知识产权的统一基础,遗传资源具有成为知识产权客体的合法性。经济学的激励理论、探矿理论和法哲学的公平、契约理念都支持遗传资源的知识产权保护。     

中国汉族人群46个Y-STR基因座多态性与突变调查

目的调查分析46个Y-STR基因座在中国汉族人群中的遗传多态性与突变情况。方法收集中国汉族人群1 008名无关男性个体、1 124对父子共2 165份男性血样。采用Yfiler PlusTM、AGCU Y-24、GFS 24Y 3种复合扩增试剂盒进行46个Y-STR基因座分型,统计各基因座群体遗传学参数与突变情况。结果 1 008名中国汉族无关男性个体,共检出1 001种单倍型,其中994种仅出现1次,总体单倍型多样性值(HD)和识别能力(DC)分别为0.999 986和0.993 1。46个基因座共检出548个等位基因,基因多样性值(GD)在0.432 0~0.953 2之间,37个基因座GD值大于0.6。1 124对父子共检测出51 739次等位基因传递,193对父子41个基因座共观察到214次突变,平均突变率为4.1×10-3(95%CI 3.6~4.7×10-3)。其中一步突变209次(97.7%),两步突变5次(2.3%);175对仅1个基因座发生突变(90.7%)。结论本文46个Y-STR基因座中大多数在中国汉族人群中具有较高的遗传多态性,适合法医学应用,高突变率基因座在Y-STR数据库家系查询与父系鉴定应用中应予以关注。     

单核苷酸多态性及其检测方法

单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs),作为第三代遗传标记,已经广泛应用于基因作图、遗传性和遗传相关性疾病的诊断、群体遗传学、药学研究和法医学等领域。SNP的检测方法多种多样,本文简要介绍SNP的特点和几种检测方法。     

J亚群禽白血病病毒Hrb-1和JL-2株囊膜基因的克隆及遗传分析

采用特异性检测J亚群禽白血病病毒的RT PCR方法 ,自哈尔滨市及吉林省患病鸡群中分离鉴定出 2株J亚群禽白血病病毒 ,分别命名为Hrb 1和JL 2。 2株病毒经SPF鸡胚成纤维细胞增殖 ,获取其前病毒DNA。采用依据原型毒株HPRS 10 3cDNA序列设计并合成的 1对引物 ,进行PCR扩增 ,得到了JL 2和Hrb 1的囊膜基因。分别构建了重组质粒 pMD18 T JL2 /env和pMD18 T Hrb 1/env。在对 2株病毒囊膜基因进行序列测定的基础上 ,将囊膜基因中 gp85和 gp37的核苷酸序列及其推导氨基酸序列与国际上不同的参照毒株以及国内部分分离株进行了比较分析 ,结果表明 ,JL 2和Hrb 1分别与美国病毒株adol hc 1和UD3有着较大的亲缘关系。