华东地区汉族人群D2S1399和D5S2500基因座的遗传多态性研究

目的研究D2S1399和D5S2500基因座在中国华东地区汉族群体遗传多态性。方法应用PCR、聚丙烯酰胺垂直电泳及银染技术检测D2S1399和D5S2500基因座的遗传多态性。结果D2S1399和D5S2500基因座在中国华东汉族群体分别检出11个和9个等位基因,其观察杂合度(Ho)分别为0.745和0.807,多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.850和0.750,个体识别能力(DP)分别为0.958和0.917,非父排除率(PE)分别为0.554和0.643。结论D2S1399和D5S2500两个基因座是高度多态性STR基因座,在法医学中有重要应用价值。     

中国汉族及日本群体7个Y—STR位点及单倍型的遗传多态性和群体差异

目的调查Y染色体7个STR位点及单倍型的遗传多态性并分析其群体差别。方法应用PCR、变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结合银染显色分型技术,检测45例中国汉族及59例日本男性DNA样品。结果在DYS393、DYS389Ⅰ、DYS19、DYS390、DYS389Ⅱ、DYS392等6个位点中共检出33个等位基因,DYS385位点检出39个等位基因组,其频率分布在0.0169～0.6444之间,DP值分布在0.5406～0.9579之间,以DYS385位点最高。7个位点数据综合比较,二组群体间在遗传学上存在显著性差异P<0.05。由7个位点组成的单倍型有95种,中国汉族有41种,DP值为0.9960,日本群体有54种,DP值为0.9965,2群体间未发现相同的单倍型。结论上述7个STR位点属于高鉴别能力位点,单倍型具有很高的遗传多态性并显示出明显的民族特征。     

From Sancitity to Screening: Genetic Disabilities, Risk and Rhetorical Strategies in Wrongful Birth and Wrongful Conception Cases

This analysis scrutinises the rhetorical strategies used by judges in wrongful life and wrongful birth actions as evidence for the assertion that the judicial reading of public policy in such cases has undergone a significant shift which is likely to accelerate as genetic knowledge grows and health care resources shrink. The implications of the predicted move towards increased genetic testing of prospective parents are traversed in relation to feminist analyses of the impact of genetics on reproductive technology. These are viewed as forming a nexus with the current social constructions of disability and the contemporary cultural preoccupation with risk, in a context of the increasing commercial importance of genetic information. It is argued that women cannot make free and informed choices about genetic testing and pregnancy unless legal and social mechanisms which protect those choices are in place. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Detection of Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid in Various Drink Matrices via AccuTOF-DART*

Abstract: A new screening method for detecting gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in drink matrices, using the IonSense, Inc. (Saugus, MA) direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source coupled to a JEOL exact mass time-of-flight mass spectrometer (AccuTOF), was validated and compared with the current screening methodology. The DART ion source allows for analysis of samples under ambient conditions with little to no sample preparation. Fifty drink specimens were spiked at levels of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/mL GHB, and analyzed on the AccuTOF-DART. Positive detection of GHB occurred for each of the samples at each concentration level, giving 100% accuracy for the samples tested. Twenty-five of the 50 drink specimens were spiked at 1 mg/mL GHB and tested using a color test known as the GHB Color Test #3. Only two of these 25 specimens tested positive for the presence of GHB, giving only 8% accuracy. Implementation of this new methodology as a screening tool for GHB analysis will quickly eliminate negative specimens allowing the examiner to focus analysis time on those that screened positive.     

PGM1和EAP同步等电聚焦电泳分型

采用薄层等电聚焦电泳PAGIF，结合反转显色，同时对EAP及PGM1亚型分型。结果在同一块凝胶板以两个表面分别显现出清晰的同工酶谱带，结果互不干扰。EAP检出AA、BB、BA三种表型PGM1检出十种亚型。PAGIF结合双面反转显色可同时对EAP及PGM1亚型分型，累积个体识别率为0．87，可应用于亲子生定。     

遗传资源惠益分享合同研究

由于话语权的缺失、自身科技发展状况的限制和国际法律体系建立的过程性,目前发展中国家在遗传资源获取和利益分享领域要遵从发达国家的游戏规则,采用"合同模式"。通过对此类合同的解读,分析其性质,明确合同双方的权利义务,以我国为例探讨如何在处于弱势的情况下,能够利用这种合同,获取相对较大利益。     

完善我国的转基因生物安全法规体系

随着我国转基因生物活动的发展,许多生物安全问题逐渐凸显。而我国目前的生物安全立法无法满足转基因生物活动的需要,因此我国亟需建立完整的生物安全法规体系,促进转基因生物技术的发展。     

浅议刑事申诉的管辖及筛选机制

我国刑事申诉的受理机关是人民检察院和人民法院,但在实践中,这种多头管辖的规定容易造成管辖责任不明、相互推诿,申诉人多门申诉、无人受理的不良结果。因此,我国急需建立一个刑事申诉的筛选机制,并通过这个机制将冤假错案输入到再审系统。国外立法例中的刑事申诉筛选机制有三种类型:司法机关型、独立机构型和民间团体型。比较而言,在我国目前的司法体制下,在权力机关下设申诉案件复查委员会是一个可行的办法。     

人类遗传资源的法律保护问题探讨

如何有效地对人类遗传资源进行保护成为各国尤其是发展中国家面临的一项重要任务和难题。人类遗传资源具有不同于传统资源的一些特点,因此,需要从不同的法律角度出发寻找相应的对策。包括:利用人格权法保护人类遗传资源提供者的人格权;利用知识产权法保护人类遗传资源提供者的应得利益;利用行政法规保护人类遗传资源的合理获取和使用;利用国际公约对人类遗传资源的开发利用进行跨国保护。     

论基因信息隐私权的民事立法保护

国际人类基因组计划将会带来生命科学的巨大进步,但同样也会带来许多人们前所未遇的法律问题。基因信息隐私权的保护问题便是其中之一。由于基因信息自身的特点致使基因信息隐私权在内容和客体方面不同于一般的隐私权,法律应当采取特殊的手段对基因信息隐私权予以保护。文章通过对人类基因组计划与基因信息的介绍,分析了基因信息隐私权的涵义、内容等,并提出了保护基因信息隐私权的立法构想。