我国遗传资源的获取和惠益分享立法研究

当前,我国遗传资源流失的问题非常严重,现有的法律存在较多的缺陷,无法有效阻止遗传资源的流失.因此,我国有必要遵照《生物多样性公约》的要求建立遗传资源的获取和惠益分享法律制度.我国应当采纳单独或专门立法的模式,未来立法应包括目标和原则、适用范围、国家主管部门、获取程序、事先知情同意和共同商定条件、惠益分享和监测机制等七个方面的核心内容.     

台湾汉族群体15个STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的　为获得 15个基因座在台湾汉族群体中的遗传学数据 ,探究其在法医学检验中的应用价值。　方法　用ProwerPlex(r) 16System荧光标记试剂盒 (Promega公司 )检测 15个STR基因座的多态性。　结果　在 189例台湾汉族随机个体中 ,15个STR基因座分别检出 6、7、15、15、19、10、8、8、7、8、10、8、9、6、19个等位基因 ,各等位基因频率为 0 .0 0 2 6～ 0 .452 4。观察杂合度 (HO)为 0 .60 82～ 0 .92 61,期望杂合度 (HE)为 0 .610 3～ 0 .9162 ,多态信息含量 (PIC)为 0 .5491～ 0 .90 73 ,亲权排除率 (PE)为 0 .3 53 2～ 0 .82 64,个体识别率为 0 .60 91～ 0 .914 3。累积亲权排除率 (PE)为 0 .999999,累积个体识别率为 0 .999999999。　结论　该15个STR基因座具有很高的多态性 ,已可以满足大多数的亲权鉴定和法医学个人识别的需要     

2017—2019年猪流行性腹泻病毒广西流行毒株遗传多样性分析

为掌握广西猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)流行毒株的遗传变异情况,本研究对2017-2019年从广西各地采集的腹泻样品,应用RT-PCR方法进行检测,并随机选取部分PEDV阳性样品进行S、M、N基因的扩增、测序和分析。结果显示,共获得PEDV S基因序列23株、M基因和N基因序列各25株。同源性分析显示,广西流行毒株间核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性在S基因为90.6%~100%和89.6%~100%,在M基因为97.0%~100%和96.9%~100%,在N基因为95.9%~100%和95.9%~100%。序列比对显示,广西流行毒株S1基因的氨基酸序列存在缺失、突变和插入现象,且各毒株之间存在差异。基于S、M、N基因绘制遗传进化树,获得相似的拓扑结构图,广西流行毒株主要分布在S基因的GⅠb、GⅡa亚群,M基因的GⅡa、GⅡb亚群,N基因的GⅢ亚群。遗传进化速率测算显示,广西流行毒株及国内外参考毒株S、M、N基因的平均进化速率分别为7.39×10-4、1.43×10-4和2.96×10-4substitutions/site/year,S基因的变异速度最快。表明PEDV广西流行毒株存在遗传多样性,应加强病原监测和流行病学调查,为有效防控PED提供基础数据。     

论教育的筛选功能与应试教育

党校教育的层层筛选形成人的受教育水平（或学历）的差异，同时也由此导致人的社会地位和社会职业的不同，这是造成教育的竞争与应试教育的根本原因。应试教育是对我国当前教育弊端的概括，其实质是指教育筛选功能的过度张扬对教育促进人的全面发展功能的侵害。基于筛选的应试教育与基于发展的素质教育是教育的两个不可分割的组成部分，经处于一定的张力之中，理想的教育是实现二的均衡。     

集中式警用移动数据中心的实现

利用基于AT指令的DTU，通过GPRS无线通信网络开发了集中式警用移动数据通信系统。在VB6．0下利用Mscomm控件设计了智能通信中心管理软件，可实现智能拨号、对来电号码的追踪、对来电历史记录的查询、对备案数据库以外的来电屏蔽、智能联网、对特密专线拨号以及对特密专线的限权修改等功能。     

中国青海藏族、汉族mtDNA控制区遗传多态性

目的研究中国青海藏族、汉族mtDNA控制区遗传多态性。方法收集69份青海藏族和青海汉族无关人群外周血样本，对其mtDNA控制区进行序列分析，计算多个多态性指标。结合其他民族mtDNA遗传资料，根据Nei法计算包括青海藏族和汉族群体在内的11个群体之间的Fst和Rst遗传距离．进行聚类分析，绘制系统发生树。结果在青海藏族和汉族群体mtDNA控制区中分别发现56和59个多态性位点。Rst遗传距离显示青海藏族人群与各人群之间遗传距离均较远（P〈0．05）；青海汉族人群与西安汉族、蒙古族、长沙汉族等人群之间距离较近（P〉0．05）。结论我国青海藏族和汉族人群mtDNA具有相对独特的遗传特征，其遗传多态性和个体识别力较高，可用于民族起源、迁徙、法医学个体识别等领域研究。     

Genetic Polymorphisms of four X-STR Loci: DXS6797, DXS6800, HPRTB and GATA172D05 in a Peruvian population sample

The X linked short tandem repeats (STR) markers have proven to be very useful tools for paternity testing when the disputed child is female. The purpose of this study was to describe the genetic polymorphism of four X-chromosomal STR loci (DXS6797, DXS6800, HPRTB and GATA172D05) in a Peruvian population sample and evaluate their efficiency in forensic practice and paternity testing.     

Deceptive behaviour and instrumental violence among psychopathic and non-psychopathic violent forensic psychiatric patients

Deceptive behaviour and instrumental violence are well-known psychopathic features and as such play important roles in the assessment of psychopathy. This study examined first, the nature of the violence committed by offenders that have been admitted to forensic psychiatric care and whether scores on the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV), Part 1, were associated with the instrumentality of violence. Second, we examined the proneness of offenders to re-frame the instrumentality in their past violent crimes, and whether this was associated with scores on the PCL:SV. The results show that the PCL:SV, Part 1 (interpersonal/affective features), was positively related to the officially coded instrumentality of the violent crimes. As expected, this association disappeared when the instrumentality was self-reported. However, the majority of the patients tended to exaggerate the reactivity of their violent crimes when it was self-reported, indicating that most offenders, independently of level of psychopathy, used deception when questioned about the characteristics of their past violent crimes. The reasons for, and implications of, the use of deception are discussed.     

Effectiveness of Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms to Investigate Cattle Rustling

Short tandem repeats (STR)s have been the eligible markers for forensic animal genetics, despite single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s became acceptable. The technology, the type, and amount of markers could limit the investigation in degraded forensic samples. The performance of a 32‐SNP panel genotyped through OpenArrays^TM (real‐time PCR based) was evaluated to resolve cattle‐specific forensic cases. DNA from different biological sources was used, including samples from an alleged instance of cattle rustling. SNPs and STRs performance and repeatability were compared. SNP call rate was variable among sample type (average = 80.18%), while forensic samples showed the lowest value (70.94%). The repeatability obtained (98.7%) supports the used technology. SNPs had better call rates than STRs in 12 of 20 casework samples, while forensic index values were similar for both panels. In conclusion, the 32‐SNPs used are as informative as the standard bovine STR battery and hence are suitable to resolve cattle rustling investigations.     

DYS393多态性分析及其法医学应用

探讨了Y-DNASTR基因座DYS393的多态性及其法医学应用价值,用变性PAGE结合荧光DNA自动测序仪分析及非变性PAGE,结合银染显示两种PCR扩增产物的方法,并调查了广州地区120例汉族无关男性个体DYS393等位基因分布状况;在此基础上,建立了DYS393和HumARA两基因座的复合扩增体系,结果显示DYS393基因座共检出4种等位基因,复合扩增体系可同时提供性别鉴定和个体识别的信息.