Ⅰa型和Ⅱ型牛源无乳链球菌sip基因的遗传进化分析

为分析8株Ⅰa型和10株Ⅱ型牛源无乳链球菌的sip基因特征和遗传进化关系,采用PCR方法扩增目的基因并克隆入pGEM-T Easy载体后测序,进行了同源性分析和构建了遗传进化树。结果显示,18株菌株的sip基因全长均为1 305bp,无基因缺失。8株Ⅰa型菌株之间的sip基因核苷酸同源性和推导的氨基酸同源性分别为99.8%～100%和99.5%～100%;而10株Ⅱ型菌株之间的sip基因核苷酸同源性和推导的氨基酸同源性均为100%。18株菌株与其他不同来源、不同血清型参考菌株相应序列的核苷酸同源性和氨基酸同源性分别为97.8%～100%和96.8%～99.8%。sip基因的遗传进化树分析显示18株菌株处于2个不同的大分支上,其中Ⅱ型菌株处于同一分支上,与中国菌株Mf32和美国菌株GB01068、GB01089的亲缘关系最近,而Ⅰa型菌株处于另一个分支上,与中国菌株Ly2和美国菌株GB00549的亲缘关系最近。说明8株Ⅰa型菌株和10株Ⅱ型菌株分别来源于不同的菌株,但它们的sip基因同源性很高,而且与参考菌株的sip基因相比,目前仍属于保守基因。     

三株鸭源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒福建株全基因的测序及遗传进化分析

为明确3株鸭源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒福建株A/Muscovy duck/Fujian/CL/1997(H9N2)(简称CL株)、A/duck/Fujian/MH/2003(H9N2)(简称MH株)和A/duck/Fujian/FQ2/2007(H9N2)(简称FQ2株)全基因组的分子特征和遗传进化情况,采用RT-PCR方法扩增这3株病毒全基因片段,并进行序列比较及遗传进化分析。结果表明,所克隆的8个基因片段均有完整的开放阅读框,其血凝素基因蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸组成为-RSSR*GLF-,为不连续的碱性氨基酸,其静脉接种指数远小于1.2,均符合低致病性AIVHA蛋白裂解位点特征;CL株和MH株的HA基因在遗传进化上属于常见的CK/BJ/1/94群系;FQ2株HA基因在遗传进化上属于DK/HK/Y280/97群系,3株H9N2亚型AIV HA基因在遗传进化上均属于经典的欧亚种系。3株H9N2亚型AIV NA基因颈部均存在缺失,CL株和MH株的NA基因在遗传进化上属于常见的CK/BJ/1/94群系,FQ2株NA基因在遗传进化上属于G1群系。CL株和MH株的其他6个基因在遗传进化上均和经典的CK/BJ/1/94一致,而FQ2株则可能是由不同流感病毒基因亚系间发生自然重排的产物。     

偏执型精神分裂症患者GRIN1基因-855G/C与-1140G/A位点的遗传多态性

目的探讨GRIN1基因启动子区两个单核苷酸多态性位点-855 G/C、-1140 G/A遗传多态性与偏执型精神分裂症的相关性及法医学意义。方法采用PCR限制性片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)结合PAGE法对中国北方汉族183例健康无关个体和172例偏执型精神分裂症患者GRIN1基因5′端的-855 G/C和-1140 G/A位点多态性进行检测,采用χ2检验人群中基因型分布是否符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律,并比较两组人群中基因型和等位基因频率分布的差异。结果两组群体基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。-855 G/C位点基因型分布在对照组女性和实验组女性间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),-1140 G/A位点基因型和等位基因频率分布在对照组和实验组间及两组女性间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 GRIN1基因启动子区-1140 G/A位点单核苷酸多态性可能与精神分裂症存在相关性;精神分裂症发生的遗传学因素可能存在性别倾向,可为精神分裂症的司法鉴定提供参考。     

山东汉族人群19个STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的调查山东汉族人群19个STR基因座的群体遗传学资料,为亲权鉴定提供遗传学数据。方法采用GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒对山东汉族人群中205例无关个体进行基因分型,得到19个STR基因座的等位基因频率及群体遗传学参数。对Identifile一、SinoFilerTM、PowerPlex16和GoldeneyeTM20A4个试剂盒进行比较,并对l例特殊的亲子鉴定案件进行分析。结果获得山东汉族人群19个STR基因座的群体遗传学参数。累积个体识别率（CDP）及累积非父排除率（CPE）从高到低分别为GoldeneyeTM20A、SinoFilerTM、PowerPlex16、IdentifilerTM试剂盒。对实际案件进行分析．作为二联体,IdentifilerTM试剂盒无被排除基因座,而SinoFilerTM、PowerPlex16和GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒均不能排除父子关系。结论与IdentifilerTM、SinoFilerYn和PowerPlex163种试剂盒进行比较．GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒效能更高．但不能完全满足二联体鉴定的要求。     

Genetic Polymorphisms of 15 STR Loci in Gansu Hui Population

The short tandem repeat （STR） markers are widely used in human identification and paternity testing in the field of forensic geneticsm. Recent re- searches on polymorphic STRs have led to their applications to population genetics, forensic DNA database, human individual identification, paternity testing, genetic mapping, disease linkage analysis, archaeology and potential inference of the ethnic o- rigin of an individual.     

基因权的私法规范：背景、原则与体系

基因权是自然人基于自己的特定基因而享有的人格权,其终极目标是实现“基因正义”。在风险社会、多维利益、医疗决策等社会交往关系背景下,基因权利话语得以铺展,并凝炼出风险预防、权利相对、多元正义、宽容规制等特别的规范原则。我国恰当的规范选择是法律与伦理的互动模式,建构的重点和主线是以人格权保护为中心的基因权私法规范。基于我国现阶段的社会状况和立法背景,制定一部《基因权法》的可能性似乎并不存在,但《基因权法》的形式意义无疑具有政治的和法的正当性。     

Raman Spectroscopy as a Simple,Rapid, Nondestructive Screening Test for Methamphetamine in Clandestine Laboratory Liquids

Raman spectroscopy has found increased use in the forensic controlled substances laboratory in recent years due to its rapid and nondestructive analysis capabilities. Here, Raman spectroscopy as a screening test for methamphetamine in clandestine laboratory liquid samples is discussed as a way to improve the efficiency of a laboratory by identifying the most probative samples for further workup among multiple samples submitted for analysis. Solutions of methamphetamine in ethanol, diethyl ether, and Coleman fuel were prepared in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 10% w/v, and Raman spectra of each were collected. A concentration‐dependant Raman peak was observed at 1003 per cm in each solution in 4% w/v and greater solutions. Case samples were analyzed and also found to reliably contain this diagnostic peak when methamphetamine was present. The use of this diagnostic indicator can save the forensic controlled substances laboratory time and materials when analyzing clandestine laboratory liquid submissions.     

Aviation security and terrorism

Abstract

The author asserts that a sophisticated sabotage threat to U.S. international civil aviation has been well known to the U.S. government and air carriers since the early 1980s. He believes that both the U.S. government and air carriers have failed to do enough to counter this sabotage threat. He cites the findings of the President's Commission on Aviation Security and Terrorism (May 1990), and the enactment of the Aviation Security Improvement Act (Nov. 1990) to support his beliefs. The author concludes by providing a recipe for corrective action.     

A Clinical Trials Recruitment Education Program for Immigrant Chinese Americans

Abstract

This study was designed to develop and evaluate a community-based education program to facilitate enrollment of immigrant Chinese into clinical cancer screening trials. The program included workshops with culturally tailored health education materials. It was piloted to recruit persons into an ongoing lung cancer screening trial from a senior citizen center in Manhattan's Chinatown and compared with a control program at a second senior center. Survey results from a convenience sample of seniors showed that the workshop raised awareness about cancer screening and clinical trials. However, it did not change attitudes towards cancer screening. The results highlighted prior focus group findings in which factors influencing participation in cancer screening and clinical trials are similar. Important facilitative factors include doctor recommendation, friend/family recommendation, the belief that early detection could “save lives,” no cost, and having an-interpreter.     

Screening for Substance Use Disorders as a Supplement to Caseworker Assessment Among Foster Care–Involved Families

Parental substance abuse is a major factor in families experiencing foster care placement, yet little is known about the potential of screening in determining risk or identifying subpopulations for which elevated risk occurs. One Midwestern state recently implemented screening. This research uses information gathered as part of the screen's implementation to conduct a latent class analysis. The research was extended to provide a detailed examination of differences in child and family characteristics across classes, and to compare the screen results with caseworker impressions. Three distinct typologies emerged, with the high-risk and moderate-risk designations comprising only one quarter of the cases.