企业现代信用文化及其环境优化

信用文化是企业市场化经营中的经营文化,它在不同的社会经济形态中,表现出不同的实践特征。现代信用文化是与发达商品经济相适应的先进的信用文化,在制度约束条件下,它是企业追求利益最大化的文化模式选择。我国目前企业信用文化状况堪忧,提倡和推进先进信用文化应与推动经济增长同步进行。推广和普及现代信用文化需要优化社会环境。     

环境权实现方式探析

环境权的提出和发展透视了环境问题日趋严重的事实,思考环境权的实现具有现实意义,尤其是在综合分析世界主要国家立法情况的基础之上,对环境权加以必要界定,既而厘清环境权与人权的关系,并借助传统权利、程序权利(如公众参与权利)、义务规定和人权法律最终实现环境权。     

任务型组织的动态能力建构

在社会复杂性和不确定性迅速增长的时代,考察组织相对于环境变动的动态能力显得尤其重要。在组织能力的问题上,常规组织往往着重于组织的静态能力建设,而对其动态能力则很少给予关注。与常规组织不同,任务型组织要求发展出一种动态能力。这种动态能力虽然表现为一种与环境相适应的能力,而实际上则是一种更快更好地完成任务的能力。     

The rise and fall of “Novorossiya”: examining support for a separatist geopolitical imaginary in southeast Ukraine

In the spring of 2014, some anti-Maidan protestors in southeast Ukraine, in alliance with activists from Russia, agitated for the creation of a large separatist entity on Ukrainian territory. These efforts sought to revive a historic region called Novorossiya (“New Russia”) on the northern shores of the Black Sea that was created by Russian imperial colonizers. In public remarks, Vladimir Putin cited Novorossiya as a historic and contemporary home of a two-part interest group, ethnic Russian and Russian-speaking Ukrainians, supposedly under threat in Ukraine. Anti-Maidan agitation in Ukraine gave way to outright secession in April 2014, as armed rebel groups established the Donetsk People’s Republic and Luhans’k People’s Republic on parts of the eponymous Ukrainian oblasts. Rebel leaders aspired to create a renewed Novorossiya that incorporated all of eastern and southern Ukraine from Kharkiv to Odesa oblasts. To examine the level of support for this secessionist imaginary in the targeted oblasts, our large scientific poll in December 2014 revealed the Novorossiya project had minority support, between 20 and 25% of the population. About half of the sample believed that the concept of Novorossiya was a “historical myth” and that its resuscitation and promotion was the result of “Russian political technologies.” Analysis of the responses by socio-demographic categories indicated that for ethnic Russians, residents of the oblasts of Kharkiv and Odesa, for older and poorer residents, and especially for those who retain a nostalgic positive opinion about the Soviet Union, the motivations and aims of the Novorossiya project had significant support.     

Voter Ideology, the Economy, and the International Environment in Western Democracies, 1952–1989

Although it is commonly assumed that voters shift on an ideological spectrum over time, there has been relatively little scientific inquiry into the reasons for shifts in voter ideology. In this article, we attempt to explain why voter ideological shifts occur utilizing an interval measure of voter ideology recently developed by Kim and Fording. A pooled time-series analysis of 13 Western democracies for the period of 1952–1989 identifies several internal and external factors causing shifts in voter ideology. With respect to domestic influences, the state of the country's national economy, primarily inflation, seems to drive movement in voter ideology in a most significant way, but we find that the direction of this relationship is dependent on the ideological disposition of the incumbent government. With respect to international influences, we find significant ideological diffusion across neighboring countries of Western democracies. The effects of ideological diffusion are strongest within countries that are small relative to their neighbors. We also find that ideology is influenced by the international political environment, especially the level of East-West tension during the Cold War.     

中国周边安全环境：分析框架、指标体系与评估

冷战结束以来,中国和西方对“安全环境”的界定不同,中国侧重于以发展界定安全,西方大国则注重以威胁界定安全。中国政府和学术界对“安全环境”的理解,已经从以军事安全为主演变为军事、政治、经济、舆论四位一体,更具复杂性和动态性特征。因此,作者构建了新时期评估周边安全环境的分析框架与指标体系,包括政治安全环境、军事安全环境、发展安全环境、舆论安全环境以及中国自身对周边环境的塑造能力等构件,这些指标囊括了现实主义、自由制度主义和建构主义的学理判断。文章利用世界银行数据库、清华大学当代国际关系研究院的“中外关系数据库”以及《人民日报》数据库对各细分指标进行无量纲化处理,设定并对比了三种场景下的中国周边安全环境指数。对1992-2011年周边安全环境的分析表明,中国周边安全环境处于不断改善中。不过,2008年以后三种场景产生较大分叉,中国有可能已经进入了一个与前十几年完全不同的状况,中国需要与周边国家共同构建长期稳定的周边安全合作环境。     

Blogging and Environmental Advocacy: A New Way to Engage the Public?

While there is a growing literature on weblogs (or “blogs”), most studies focus on a few high profile blogs, or on blogs written by individuals. This study assesses the little‐researched area of organizational blogging through a content analysis of blogs by 40 national‐level environmental organizations. I examine the general purposes that these blogs serve and the extent to which organizational blogs differ from traditional websites. Additionally, I explore two blog features—interactivity and personalized content—that offer the potential to strengthen the connections between group leaders and their supporters. I find that groups use their blogs primarily to inform readers about policy developments and news headlines, but that the level of interactivity between blog authors and readers is low. Thus, while the potential exists for blogs to enhance grassroots support for environmental groups, that potential is far from being realized.     

The Case for the Development of Public Transit in an Urban Boundary Rural Area

Individuals' preferences for automobiles are often taken for granted in our auto centric society. This study attempts to determine if commuters in a city located beyond the fringe of a metropolitan area are willing to use public transit if it is developed and what are the socioeconomic and attitudinal factors that influence individuals' decision to use such a service. Analyses of survey data reveal that preferences exist for public transit service, which can be partly attributed to individuals' concerns regarding rising gasoline prices and air pollution, and is particularly noticeable among those who are educated and/or belong to a younger age group.     

The Evolution of the Theoretical Foundations of Punctuated Equilibrium Theory in Public Policy

Punctuated equilibrium theory in public policy replicated from biological punctuated equilibrium theory has concluded that public policies alternate between stasis and punctuation. However, recent research on Pacific Northwest forest policy, U.S. state tobacco policy, and U.S federal auto efficiency policy have found no punctuations despite an attempt to do so. What is the efficacy of using biological punctuated equilibrium theory to also explain punctuated equilibrium in public policy? Significant differences exist between biological and public policy punctuated equilibrium theory including time frames for change, what constitutes outside disturbances of equilibrium, venues of punctuated equilibrium, levels of analysis for change, and patterns of change. Most policy research on punctuation has focused on the “tone” of media coverage related to change. Some recent studies concluding no punctuation occurred have focused on government action or inaction. Proving strong inference in scientific research requires a clear and viable syllogism linked to appropriate methodology. Both of these crucial elements are now in question in punctuated equilibrium research in public policy.     

论地方政府的环境伦理责任——以广西北部湾经济区为例

加强地方政府的环境伦理责任建设对于应对广西北部湾经济区的环境挑战,推进区域的可持续发展具有重要意义。政府的环境伦理责任主要包括:推进环境保护的法制建设和监督管理,引导环境产业的健康发展,培育民众的环境意识。当前一些地方政府的环境伦理责任建设尚存在诸多问题。要解决这些问题,必须强化政府的环境伦理责任,加强政府官员的环境伦理教育和制度建设,强化监督机制,引导政府官员树立正确的政绩观,提高他们的环境道德水平。