基于网络环境的高校图书馆参考咨询服务功能演变

基于网络环境下的高校图书馆参考咨询服务，首先表现在服务功能由被动到主动的演变，其次表现在参考咨询服务由单一性到超时空性的演变，再次表现为虚拟参考咨询从无到有、由有到兴的演变。     

Parties’ policy adjustments in response to changes in issue saliency

Abstract

A number of studies have investigated when parties change their policy positions. However, this growing body of research has had limited interaction with the literature on issue competition. To bring these two perspectives together, this article investigates how and when parties adjust their respective policy positions on immigration, the environment and the welfare state. In the article it is argued that especially large parties in electoral terms adjust their policy positions on specific issues in response to changes in the party system saliency of these issues. When the other parties increase their focus on a given issue, large parties adjust their position in the direction preferred by a majority of the voters. In the article this argument is investigated empirically, based on CMP data from 18 West European countries from 1980 to 2014. The findings largely support the argument and show a strong potential for further integration of the two dominant perspectives on party competition.     

中部地区优化经济发展环境与加强行政法制建设研究

在中部地区招商引资被视为承接产业转移的重要节点。现阶段,我国土地资源日趋紧张,政策优惠激烈竞争,良好的投资环境是促进经济发展、承接产业转移的关键所在,而良好的投资环境又依赖于行政法制建设的程度。本文立足中部地区,分析了行政法制建设与经济发展环境不相协调的诸多因素并针对中部地区优化经济发展环境提出了相应的建议。     

党的执政环境和执政能力良性互动的透视

新形势下,全面提高党的建设科学化水平,就必须切实提高党的执政能力,改善党的执政环境.执政环境的优化和执政能力的增强是辩证统一、相互促进的统一体.党在执政过程中面临着严峻复杂的执政环境,而优化党的执政环境是提高执政能力的基石,同时执政能力对执政环境也有着重要的能动作用.面对党加强自身执政能力建设的任务,就必须对党的执政环境进行有效的优化和改善.     

论碳排放权的法律属性

《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《联合气候变化框架公约的京都议定书》所创设的碳交易在形式上为碳排放量交易,其背后的理论基础为碳排放权。科斯的环境产权理论要求我们应对环境容量资源进行产权界定。从法律视角考察的碳排放权一方面具有环境权的属性,另一方面又具有财产权的属性。碳排放权的这两种属性在实现环境资源可持续发展的终极目标方面是辩证统一的。     

我国民营企业家犯罪的困境与出路

民营企业家犯罪是我国当前比较突出的问题,严重制约着市场经济的健康发展。从近年来民营企业家犯罪的相关数据来看,不仅案件数量和涉案人数在逐步增加,而且涉罪的类型和范围也在不断扩大。分析当前民营企业家面临的犯罪困境,既有自身认识方面的,也有制度设计方面的,比较突出的是"官商勾结"观念中的求利困境、"国进民退"背景下的求生困境和"资本短缺"现实中的融资困境。因此,有必要采取积极措施消解民营企业家所面临的犯罪困境,帮助民营企业家走出犯罪泥潭。具体措施包括:对民营企业家进行价值观念、法律意识及责任意识方面的引导,提高民营企业家的自我认识能力;完善民营企业内部的管理制度、预警机制及问责机制,进而规范民营企业家的市场行为;改善民营企业家的制度环境;加强民营企业家的法律保护。     

《弟子规》对现代心理健康指导意义解读

《弟子规》不仅是一部幼童启蒙读物,同时也是一部具有心理健康指导意义的书籍。《弟子规》从正确处理人际关系、人与环境关系、自我定位等三方面提出了中肯建议,引导人们建立和谐的身心世界,不断完善自己的人格品行,最终达到臻善完美的圣贤境界。     

Government Promotion of Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from the EU Eco‐Management and Audit Scheme

Governments play an active role in promoting corporate social responsibility and specifically environmental management system (EMS) programs, but few studies have examined the impact of such support on the decision of businesses to adopt EMS programs. We ask two questions in this paper: how does government support for EMS programs affect adoption of such programs? Second, what effect does this government support have on the pace of adoption of such programs? The answer to the first question can reveal how effective government programs are in boosting membership in EMS programs. The answer to the second reveals to what extent businesses within EU member states are converging upon particular EMS standards. We examine these questions in the context of the European Union’s Eco‐Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), 2010–2014. There is significant variation in government support of EMAS across the EU and at the same time, EMAS competes for business attention with the more established ISO 14001. Our quantitative and qualitative analyses therefore reveal the effectiveness of government programs in boosting adoption, but also to the extent to which such programs cause convergence upon EMAS in the face of a competing standard such as ISO 14001.     

Taxing Fracking: The Politics of State Severance Taxes in the Shale Era

States producing gas and oil have long levied severance taxes at the point of extraction, commonly placing most revenues into general funds. These taxes have assumed new meaning in many states amid the expansion of gas and oil production accompanying the advent of hydraulic fracturing. We reviewed all major statutes and constitutional amendments related to severance taxes that were enacted at the state level during the first decade of the “shale era” (2005–14). There have been only modest adjustments in statutory tax rates and some evidence that states have attempted to reduce these rates, possibly in response to growing national production. In turn, there is also evidence that states have begun to pursue more targeted strategies for revenue use, including some expanded focus on responding to the negative externalities linked to drilling, expanded revenue sharing with localities, and increased long‐term protection of resources through state trust funds.     

Adaptive Management for Oil and Gas Development on Public Lands: An Innovative Approach to Resource Protection,or Symbolic Placation of Public Interests?

Energy development on public lands in the intermountain west is often contentious due to concerns over detrimental impacts to wildlife. To mitigate harm to ungulates and other species, federal agencies often utilize adaptive management, a structured decision‐making framework predicated on “learning while doing.” But in the context of recent energy development, does adaptive management represent an innovative approach to conservation, or is it a largely symbolic policy used to contain the scope of conflict? This article, rooted in the agenda‐setting literature, applies Sarah Pralle's (2006) framework to strategies of conflict containment used by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and industry in three contentious energy development projects in Wyoming. The findings indicate that the BLM's use of adaptive management can be understood as a strategy for conflict containment, rather than as a substantive policy change in public lands oil and gas development.