经济全球化、人的安全 与治理

人的安全是人的发展之重要条件，它包括经济安全、食品安全、健康安全、环境安全、人身安全、社区安全和政治安全等七个方面的内容。目前的经济全球化加剧了人的不安全性，具体表现在全球性生产、人口迁徙、生产的新模式、传统领土安全与人的安全之间的资源竞争、相互依赖与领土主权原则之间的冲突，对人的安全带来了负面影响。在经济全球化条件下，各国难以单独有效地应对人的安全的难题，在人的安全治理上不仅需要国家的治理结构，还需要一个以人的发展为原则的全球治理结构。面对人的安全，全球治理结构应该具有以下特征：以合作姿态来帮助相关国家解决人的安全问题，而不是作为超国家主体干预发展中国家；它是一种经济、社会的全面治理结构，而不是一种单纯的安全结构；治理的原则应该是以人为本。但是，目前由于全球治理中的“民主赤字”使得在全球范围内的治理效果不彰。要改善人的安全的治理结构必须首先在世界范围内减少“民主赤字”。     

No translator is an island: the changing dynamics of Murakami Haruki translations around the world

Abstract

Tim Parks has included Haruki Murakami among the group of authors writing ‘dull global novels’, a perception that is in part the result of an exclusive focus on English-language translations of Murakami. By turning attention to translations in other languages, this essay reveals a more nuanced and complex picture, showing that depending on where and by whom he is translated, Murakami in fact emerges differently than in English, and arguing that his writing is perhaps not so ‘dull’, after all. After briefly describing the history of Murakami translations in North America, the essay examines the history of translations in East Asia, using the example of greater China, where the two main translators, Lai Ming Chu (Taiwan) and Lin Shaohua (China), produce strikingly different versions of his writing. The essay then goes on to trace the main patterns of Murakami translation in Europe and into some Middle Eastern languages and Persian. In Europe there is a gradual shift away from indirect translations through English toward direct translations from the Japanese, and a greater degree of collaboration among translators. The essay analyzes the effects of these changes, offering a few examples from Murakami’s latest novels.     

Governing health and safety at lower tiers of the computer industry global value chain

Global brands remain under increasing pressure to ensure labor standards and codes of conduct are met by their suppliers. Little is known about how this is addressed by lower tier suppliers. We investigate whether, and how, occupational health and safety standards permeate down the computer industry value chain. We compare first and second tier suppliers' engagement with a private voluntary industry code, the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct, and the publicly regulated European Union Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances. We find the industry code absent at the lower tier, yet second tier suppliers do implement the European Union Directive. This is achieved without support from public agencies or global value chain linkages. Our findings question the emphasis placed on chain governance in studies of labor compliance in global value chains, and suggest that alternative and complementary approaches may be required for effective labor compliance throughout the value chain.     

社会资本与全球治理

治理是谋求经济发展和社会全面进步的权力由政府向市民社会回归的行为。社会资本是市民社会中的契约性规则。现代科技的发展和全球化使社会资本扩展到国际领域。社会资本作为博弈规则,其实现公共利益的过程就是全球治理的过程,它使全球治理最终得以实现。