Post–Conflict Global Governance: The Case of Microfinance Enterprise Networks in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The article examines the institutional infrastructure that supports the foreign aid flows in the mcrocredit sector in postconflict Bosnia and Herzegovina. It documents the mobilization of transnational networks between different international agencies in the course of the policy formulation and implementation, and elicits the effects that certain network attributes exert on the policy choices made by individual organizations. How and why do international governmental and nongovernmental organizations, with at times conflicting goals, join forces in such networks? More important, whose goals are eventually implemented, and under what conditions? Whose goals are diluted in the process of network mobilization? What are the policy implications of such "battles" for the postconflict reconstruction? The article seeks some answers to these questions, demonstrating how transnational networks intermediate between the organizational goals and the final policy outcomes that result from such a network–based mode of global governance in postconflict regions.     

Kyoto,Europe?—An Economic Evaluation of the European Emission Trading Directive

To meet its obligations accepted in the Kyoto Protocol cost effectively, the European Union introduces a scheme of Greenhouse Gas Allowance Trading for its member states. This paper evaluates the cost effectiveness, ecological accuracy and dynamic incentives of this approach.The EU-emissions trading constitutes an important shift in the paradigm of environmental policy, from command and control to a market based approach. Still, the EU-system does not fully realize the economic potential of the transferable discharge permit policy. Especially, the limited scope of trading regarding geography, pollutants, sectors and activities reduces the quality of the system. Moreover, the EU-Directive is unspecific in many respects and it leaves many decisions defining the rules of the game to the individual member state. Uncertainty and heterogeneity increase transaction cost and thereby hamper the effectiveness of the system.JEL Classification: Q54, Q58, K32     

What Role for Private Rule-Making in Global Environmental Governance? Analysing the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)

This article assesses the recent trend of rule-making by private multi-stakeholder initiatives – a hitherto largely unnoticed phenomenon in global environmental governance – by analysing the multiple functions and impacts of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), one of the best-known private institutions in global environmental politics. After clarifying the general context of private governance, I turn to the specific function of private rule-making institutions. I argue that rule-making can be understood as the act of agreeing on both constitutive and regulative rules that prescribe the behaviour of a specific group of actors, whether individuals or organisations. Further, I argue that the FSC, as one example of private rule-making in world politics, performs three additional functions that shape the contours of global governance: (1) facilitating a solution to complex multi-interest problems, (2) brokering knowledge and norms among a wide range of stakeholders, and (3) constituting a learning network in environmental governance.     

推动建设和谐世界与完善国际能源秩序

推动建设和谐世界外交战略思想,是进入新世纪后中国倡导的国际秩序观,有助于推动国际秩序向公正合理的方向发展。全球能源安全充满了不和谐因素,公正合理的国际能源秩序迄今尚未建立,影响了世界的和平稳定与共同繁荣。中国应以和谐世界理念为指导,与其他国家共同努力建设和谐的国际能源秩序。     

道家思想与全球伦理

本围绕着全球伦理的有关“不可杀人”、反对战争的核心规范展开论述,首先追述了“全球伦理”的设想,它作为一种普遍伦理行为规范与各民族的特殊化、各种不同的精神信仰的关系,然后阐述了道家对战争与暴力的态度,道家对国家、国内政治和国际关系的看法,最后回溯到道家对生命和自然无为之道的根本理念。     

Border Security and Drug Trafficking in Senegal: AIRCOP and global security assemblages

Transnational security governance initiatives in West Africa, operationalized through international statebuilding interventions, are altering the sub-region’s borders and border enforcement. The article employs a practice-oriented ‘global security assemblages’ approach to demonstrate how border security professionals compete over how, who, and where to secure the border from borderless threats like drug trafficking. The article demonstrates this theoretical position empirically through an analysis of struggles over a flagship drug control project implemented by the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) at Senegal’s Leopold Sédar Senghor (LSS) airport—AIRCOP. Senegalese customs, police, and gendarmes simultaneously cooperate and compete with international actors, private actors based at the airport, and amongst themselves, over how to curb drug trafficking. Through these competitive struggles over who should be the border’s guardian and how it should be guarded, it can be seen how new security practices and understandings are devised, as well as how borders become (re)constituted within the connected spaces of global security assemblages.     

十七大报告的正义观：社会正义和全球正义

十七大报告描绘了两幅正义社会的图景。正义社会最鲜明的特征是和谐,这是一种新型的正当型和谐社会。在特定价值观基础上,法治国家的权力和法律的正当性建立在所有相关人员的利益均衡关系上,信奉在物质不平等的前提下推进和追求政治平等和权利平等,并在推进和追求政治平等和权利平等过程中改变物质不平等。全球正义观体现了当代马克思主义面临重大问题时的理论勇气和实践立场,是马克思主义政治哲学当代性的内在要求。     

道德多元与原则冲突:全球生命伦理学的困境

在多元的文化世界里,人们信奉不同的道德传统和道德学说,生活在不同的宗教、意识形态和道德共同体中,导致了道德价值的多样化,因此,在全球范围内信奉一个共同的道德、共同的生命伦理观念,而否定或者忽视这种多样性是欠妥的和盲目的。另外,被广泛认同的全球生命伦理学的自主、有利、不伤害、公正四原则本身也在实践和理论两个层面受到一些质疑。一些被普遍接受的伦理原则有时却会导致矛盾的、无法接受的道德结论,那么,建立某种普遍化的原则是否可行,这些都是发展全球生命伦理学需要深入思考的问题。     

新加坡的中国新移民形象：当地的视野与政策的考量

本文首先介绍上世纪90年代后新加坡人口结构之改变,接着分析本地新加坡人对中国新移民的看法,然后讨论新加坡移民政策的出发点,即从控制新移民涌人到整合团结现有移民。本文认为,同宗同族的民族观和共同文化源流在塑造新加坡人对新移民的看法时作用甚微,政治上和经济上的实用主义才是影响公众对新移民的态度和政策抉择的最重要因素。在这一大框架之下,公共外交能够对中国人、华人新移民和中国国家的国际形象改变发挥一定的积极作用。     

全球化转型发展与中国角色

在两百多年的经济全球化进程中,世界经历了两波全球化和一次完整的逆全球化。当前,世界正面临第二波全球化转型发展的关键时期。全球化极大地促进了世界货物和服务贸易、国际资本流动和跨国直接投资,促使世界各国和地区深度融入全球产业链、价值链和创新链,推动了知识的生产、传播和扩散以及人力资本的增进和人口迁移,获得了持续的经济增长。但是,由于全球化导致利益分配不均,部分发达国家掀起逆全球化浪潮,致使贸易和投资规模萎缩、产业链断裂、科技进步受阻、世界经济低迷和社会矛盾激化。为此,中国必须积极参与重构国际经济规则和增进全球化公共产品的供给,主动承担主导全球化的责任。在夯实基于内需和全球化的国内大循环的基础上主动规划和融入国际大循环,创新驱动本土产业链现代化,激发全人类的企业家精神和深化经济体制机制改革,力促全球化转型发展。