The Global Significance of Contemporary Chinese Outlook on Human Rights

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),General Secretary Xi Jinping has prioritized the advancement of human rights as a significant aspect of governing the country and has delivered a series of important speeches,instructions,and discussions centered on respecting and protecting human rights,thereby shaping the contemporary Chinese outlook on human rights.     

Broadening ‘business’, widening ‘peace’: a new research agenda on business and peace-building

ABSTRACT

What role does business play in peace-building and conflict reduction? This special issue tackles this complex question, exploring varied business efforts to bring peace through six rigorous qualitative cases in Myanmar, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan, Somaliland, Brazil, Guatemala and El Salvador. Three main findings cut across this issue. First, local context is paramount to success; there is no one universal formula that a regulator, business or peace practitioner aiming to advance a business agenda for peace can employ for operational success. Second, rather than compartmentalising ‘peace’ into projects that often carry ‘win-lose’ consequences for local communities, business-peace projects must first understand who they are empowering so that they do not unwittingly make the conflict worse. Third, investment and access are deeply intertwined in fragile and conflict-affected areas, and business-peace projects that simply try to improve business access typically exacerbate inequalities favouring elite actors. We close with a discussion on how to take the business and peace-building agenda forward with scholarship and policy, stressing that business-peace projects must be assessed at the societal and not project level if their impact is to be truly beneficial for a political economy of peaceful development.     

双循环新发展格局的研究视角、逻辑主线和总体框架

加快构建双循环新发展格局是我国经济全球化战略转型的重大选择。内需主导型全球价值链可以作为我国构建新发展格局理论和实践研究的一种切入视角。构建双循环新发展格局是技术大变革之下全球价值链分工动态演变和深化的理论逻辑使然,也是改革开放以来经济发展规律自然演进的历史逻辑使然,更是进入新发展阶段的需求端、供给端和制度端发展条件变化的现实逻辑使然。构建双循环新发展格局的总体框架可以概括为：首先,基于内需市场构建国内价值链,形成国内大循环;其次,实现国内价值链与全球价值链深度对接,以国内大循环带动国际循环;最后,以国际循环促进国内循环,形成双循环相互促进的新发展格局。其中的政策实施重点在于,要坚持以推动高质量发展为主题,坚持以深化供给侧结构性改革为主线,坚持系统观念,统筹发展和安全,加快建设现代化经济体系。     

全球化转型发展与中国角色

在两百多年的经济全球化进程中,世界经历了两波全球化和一次完整的逆全球化。当前,世界正面临第二波全球化转型发展的关键时期。全球化极大地促进了世界货物和服务贸易、国际资本流动和跨国直接投资,促使世界各国和地区深度融入全球产业链、价值链和创新链,推动了知识的生产、传播和扩散以及人力资本的增进和人口迁移,获得了持续的经济增长。但是,由于全球化导致利益分配不均,部分发达国家掀起逆全球化浪潮,致使贸易和投资规模萎缩、产业链断裂、科技进步受阻、世界经济低迷和社会矛盾激化。为此,中国必须积极参与重构国际经济规则和增进全球化公共产品的供给,主动承担主导全球化的责任。在夯实基于内需和全球化的国内大循环的基础上主动规划和融入国际大循环,创新驱动本土产业链现代化,激发全人类的企业家精神和深化经济体制机制改革,力促全球化转型发展。     

Alternative production and consumption relations?: fair trade,the state,and cooperatives in the global South

This paper explores the relation between the fair trade market in the North and producer cooperatives in the South. It specifically focuses on three agricultural cooperatives in Ethiopia, Tanzania, and South Africa to look at the way in which the fair trade market and the state have promoted or hindered alternative production in the global South. Fair trade has gained considerable popularity among Northern consumers in the last decade. For many consumers, the assumption is that buying fair trade ensures producers in the South receive a fair price for their goods. However, fair trade is much more complex than consumer choices or simply offering fair prices to producers. Does fair trade constitute an alternative trading system or is it an attempt to introduce fairer conditions within the current system? What is the role of the state? What is the role of the market? Are there other ways to ensure producers in the global South receive fair prices? These are the central questions explored in this paper.