开放的"全球化观"与"主体性"中国的建构

立基于对中国法学近二十年"全球化论辩"的详尽分析和反思,不仅批判了中国法学论者在研究全球化问题时所持有的那种完全丢失中国自身立场或视界的封闭且被动的"全球化观",同时还阐发或建构了一种以中国"主体性"为基础的开放而非封闭的"全球化观"或"全球化图景"。这一开放的"全球化观"的建构,为中国能够以一种"主体性"的姿态积极参与对全球化进程及其方向的审查和决策提供一种认识论上的可能通道,而要真正建构中国与全球化在本体论上可能关系,我们有必要在本体论层面上引入"全球治理"的问题,并追问在全球治理框架中,中国究竟根据什么样的中国理想图景或世界理想图景去参与重构或重塑全球化进程及其方向的进程这一更为根本的问题。     

Participatory culture in an emerging information ecosystem: Lessons from Ushahidi

Abstract

The activities surrounding new communication technologies (NCTs), more than the technology itself, have introduced new perspectives in the field of media studies, especially with the intensification of audience participation. This participation is imbued with the potential to challenge dominant voices and national myths, alter the representation and meaning of symbols and vocabulary, and redefine politico-social structures into which the luminal rituals of the national have been interwoven, for the sole purpose of fostering national cohesion. But it is the universal nature of NCTs that has significantly imbued local cultures with a global consciousness, thus altering the previous global flow of information. By using Ushahidi – open source software for information gathering and interactive mapping, which started as a blog in Kenya and is now used across the globe – the study demonstrates NCTs’ efficacy in engendering multiplicity of alternative voices which do not necessarily flow from the global North.     

"和谐世界":中国的全球治理理论

“和谐世界”理论的提出顺应了全球化时代的历史潮流,是中国的全球治理理论,它经历了一个从“和谐的世界”理念到“和谐世界”理论的发展过程。从理论的定位来看,“和谐世界”理论与全球治理都是规范理论,都把整个世界作为解释范畴,都强调权威的作用;从理论的构成要素来看,“和谐世界”理论与全球治理在价值、规则、主体、客体、绩效方面既有相当的一致性,也有所差异。     

全球视野中的政治文明发展分析

从历史发展的角度看,全球视野中的政治文明始终是由低级阶段向高级阶段运行的。在发展的过程中各种文明相互交融进步,提升了政治文明的内涵与状态,从而形成更高层次的政治文明。从政治文明的现状分析,政治文明在多样性共存的同时,反文明倾向却有加剧趋势。展望未来,政治文明将在多样性中不断融合与发展。但是,国际政治文明的形成与和谐发展,仍需要多种要素的建构和多方面的共同努力。     

核安全全球治理:历史、现实与挑战

核安全风险超越国界,可能跨越地区,甚至影响全球,因而核安全的治理必然是全球治理。各国对核安全风险的评估、核安全意识的养成是一个演进的过程,与此同步的是核安全全球治理。核安全全球治理经历了冷战、冷战结束和九一一事件以来的三个发展阶段,治理的主要内容随着国际安全形势的变化而调整。冷战期间的核安全全球治理主要体现为建立国际原子能机构以管理核能的和平利用,防范无核国家以发展民用核能为由发展核武器,签署和履行与核安全密切相关的国际公约、培育核安全的意识;冷战结束初期,国际原子能机构强化了保障监督能力,多边出口管制机制加强了对涉核物项出口的管控,国家间展开了实质性的核安全合作;九一一恐怖袭击之后,核安全全球治理呈现加速度的趋势,国际社会日益形成核安全共识,全球性制度建设加速,多边合作加强。经过多年努力,核安全全球治理的制度建设取得了显著成就,双边和多边国际合作得到实质性推动,但核安全全球治理仍然面临如何有效减少核材料存量、如何推动相关国家切实履行国家责任等挑战。     

Avoiding the internet of insecure industrial things

Security incidents such as targeted distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on power grids and hacking of factory industrial control systems (ICS) are on the increase. This paper unpacks where emerging security risks lie for the industrial internet of things, drawing on both technical and regulatory perspectives. Legal changes are being ushered by the European Union (EU) Network and Information Security (NIS) Directive 2016 and the General Data Protection Regulation 2016 (GDPR) (both to be enforced from May 2018). We use the case study of the emergent smart energy supply chain to frame, scope out and consolidate the breadth of security concerns at play, and the regulatory responses. We argue the industrial IoT brings four security concerns to the fore, namely: appreciating the shift from offline to online infrastructure; managing temporal dimensions of security; addressing the implementation gap for best practice; and engaging with infrastructural complexity. Our goal is to surface risks and foster dialogue to avoid the emergence of an Internet of Insecure Industrial Things.     

Sociolegal change in consumer fraud: From victim-offender interactions to global networks

Advances in technology have transformed fraud against consumers from face-to-face, victim-offender interactions to a crime that now transcends international boundaries. Although consumer protection issues have been of interest to investigative journalists and literary scholars for centuries, the topic has only recently been subject to serious criminological inquiry. Employing the American consumer protection movement as an historical framework, we examine the evolution of consumer fraud. Our review documents that progressive social and legal changes in consumer protection and corporate regulation, as well as developments in criminological research, correspond to prominent literary exposés of the time. In today's technological age, such a reactive response to consumer fraud is neither efficient nor effective. Contemporary criminologists need to simultaneously address the questions of ‘how’ fraud is perpetrated and ‘why’ it occurs. Toward this end, we identify methodological strategies and data sources to promote empirical and theoretical understanding of consumer fraud, and to ultimately contribute to multi-national crime control policy.     

全球化时代的国际危机及中国的应对

全球化时代的到来加强了国际社会各行为主体之间的互动,从而使得全球性风险系数加大.新的时代背景呼唤新的安全理念,为了有效地应对危机的挑战,国际社会成员间的合作与沟通显得尤为重要.处于全球化时代背景下的中国,需要增强危机意识,在加强与国际社会合作的同时,尽快完善我国应对危机的制度建设和法律建设,提高危机应对能力,更好地维护中国的国家利益.     

交往实践观:全球正义论的哲学视域

在新全球化语境中,全球治理追求"善治",使全球正义问题凸显,成为政治哲学面临的重大问题之一。新全球化时代成为全球正义发生的历史地平线;而交往实践观成为科学解读全球正义问题的政治哲学视域。全球正义是一种在全球化公共交往平台上的公正秩序,它既是社会交往结构的规范原则之一,也是建立在自由的多元主体交往基础上形成的公正规则,更是交往实践中合理性与合法性的统一。正义既要反映客观的交往结构规律性的状况,获得合理性;又要获得主体际共同价值取向的支持和认同,使之合法化。没有合理的合法性或没有合法的合理性,都不可能是正义的。     

Can non‐state global governance be legitimate? An analytical framework

In the absence of effective national and intergovernmental regulation to ameliorate global environmental and social problems, “private” alternatives have proliferated, including self‐regulation, corporate social responsibility, and public–private partnerships. Of the alternatives, “non‐state market driven” (NSMD) governance systems deserve greater attention because they offer the strongest regulation and potential to socially embed global markets. NSMD systems encourage compliance by recognizing and tracking, along the market’s supply chain, responsibly produced goods and services. They aim to establish “political legitimacy” whereby firms, social actors, and stakeholders are united into a community that accepts “shared rule as appropriate and justified.” Drawing inductively on evidence from a range of NSMD systems, and deductively on theories of institutions and learning, we develop an analytical framework and a preliminary set of causal propositions to explicate whether and how political legitimacy might be achieved. The framework corrects the existing literature’s inattention to the conditioning effects of global social structure, and its tendency to treat actor evaluations of NSMD systems as static and strategic. It identifies a three‐phase process through which NSMD systems might gain political legitimacy. It posits that a “logic of consequences” alone cannot explain actor evaluations: the explanation requires greater reference to a “logic of appropriateness” as systems progress through the phases. The framework aims to guide future empirical work to assess the potential of NSMD systems to socially embed global markets.