不完全行为能力人侵权责任构成之检讨

依立法者原意,我国侵权责任法第32条第2款系规定被监护人对受害人的无过错责任,且排除责任能力制度的引入。但此种规定过于偏惠受害人,对被监护人不公,不利于未成年人保护,与同法第33条发生评价上矛盾,与比较法上认识不合,实为法政策上失误。故应采客观解释,认为该款仅规制监护人与被监护人之间的内部求偿关系,被监护人责任之构成,则应适用第6条第1款之一般过错责任。至于责任能力制度之阙如,可以过错概念之操作暂时弥补其不足。监护人责任之基础,在于监护义务之违反,性质上属于自己责任、独立责任。监护人责任之构成适用第32条第1款之无过错责任,悖于立法目的,且与同法第9条第2款发生评价上之矛盾,自立法论而言,以改采过错推定为宜。解释论上,只能充分利用同条第1款后段之责任减轻规范,扩张监护人之责任阻却事由,对"行为人致人损害"要件作严格认定(尤其是要求行为人须具备客观过错),稍作弥补。此外,无论是监护人还是被监护人,都可能依特定要件,向受害人承担同法第24条之公平责任。在对受害人之关系上,监护人与被监护人承担连带责任。     

行政处罚听证主持人刍议

关于行政处罚听证主持人 ,有三个问题值得讨论 :一是关于主持人的产生和人数问题。主持人应从行政机关的法制部门工作人员中指定产生 ,人数以三人最为适宜 ;二是关于听证主持人的回避问题。回避的理由中应包含法律偏见和个人偏见 ,而不能仅仅局限于“与本案有直接利害关系” ;三是关于听证主持人的职责问题。其主要职权应包括决定权、对事实和证据的认定权、许可与制止权、建议性裁决权等 ,主要责任应包括维护听证活动的正常进行、保证听证的公正性、及时提交听证报告等     

Institution Building and Spillovers

This paper investigates the importance of institution building for economic growth in transition economies of Eastern Europe and CIS‐States. Using recent data, it shows that even in a Guardian State, institutions like property rights protection, administration efficiency, and general rule of low matter. They appear to be even more crucial for economic take‐off than standard economic factors like for example macroeconomic policy. Moreover, this paper finds that there are important spillover effects in institution building, and that countries which get one specific institution right, have also better chances to succeed in making other specific institutions work properly.     

关于未成年人在校监护责任承担的思考

由于未成年人在校受到伤害的责任如何承担法律未作明确规定,法院在处理此类案件时往往因于法无据,出现不同的判决,因此,法律明确规定学校承担监护责任是有其必要性的,但是学校对未成年学生只承担部分监护责任,并用投保方式解决学校承担部分监护责任的资金来源。     

A LAWYER FOR EVERY CHILD: CLIENT-DIRECTED REPRESENTATION IN DEPENDENCY CASES

The article begins with a due process analysis concluding that children are legally entitled to counsel and continues by presenting examples of federal and state legislation, court decisions, and public policy arguments that support this right. The article then goes a step further to advocate for a traditional, client-directed model of representation, which empowers children and leads to better judicial decision making. Finally, the article discusses the impact of high caseloads and lack of training on attorney performance. This article serves as an important addition to the academic literature examining the need for and role of the child's attorney in dependency proceedings.     

The contingent morality of war: establishing a diachronic model of jus ad bellum

According to most accounts of just war theory, jus ad bellum is concerned with the morality of initiating war. This gives jus ad bellum a temporal dimension, making it a set of principles that are applied to judge belligerents’ actions at the outset of a war, but that cannot be revisited after a war begins. I challenge this synchronic conception of jus ad bellum by arguing that the considerations the principles of jus ad bellum are meant to judge can, and often do, change substantially over the course of wars. It is inappropriate to determine the ad bellum justice of a war solely based on how the principles of jus ad bellum are satisfied at a war’s outset. Because of the mercurial nature of war, jus ad bellum principles should be applied diachronically, as moral norms that can be used to guide or to judge belligerents even after a war has been initiated.     

论国际犯罪刑事管辖权的演变

与国际社会体制的发展相适应,国际犯罪管辖权从“单一模式”向“复合模式”转变,形成了间接管辖权和直接管辖权并存的格局。间接管辖权即国家管辖权是国际犯罪管辖权的主要模式。一系列国际特设刑事法庭管辖权开创了国际犯罪直接管辖的理论和实践,国际刑事法院管辖权则是国际犯罪直接管辖权的最新发展。     

国外、域外探望权制度比较—兼论我国探望权制度的构建

国外及域外民法,有关探望权的规定各不相同。我国“探望权”制度的构建应从探望权的主体范围、探望权的客体、探望权的内容等方面进行,还应明确探望权在司法实践中应注意的问题。     

Advances in the Study of Political Advertising

One of the biggest recent advances in the study of political advertising has been the availability of systematic sources of data on when and where ads air—and their content. In this piece, we review the various data sources that scholars have used to study political advertising, focusing on their strengths and weaknesses. We then discuss recent studies that have employed data on political advertising to examine the effects of ad exposure on citizens' attitudes and political behaviors, how the content of advertising varies, and how ads have been targeted in recent political campaigns. We follow that with our own empirical contribution—an analysis of trends in advertising content, including negativity and policy focus—over the past 16 years.     

证券市场的稳定发展需要加强有效的监管

我国证券市场经过十余年的发展,已经粗具规模。证券市场的发展,对于提高长期资金筹集、资本经营、优化资源配置等起到了重要作用。在我国加入WTO后,证券市场是机遇与挑战、“利多”和“利空”并存,证券市场的稳定意义重大。因此,发展我国证券市场必须从国情出发,对证券市场的监管应综合治理,各监管主体应相互配合,构建多主体的监管框架,以形成监管合力,维护证券市场的稳定与健康发展,切实保护投资者利益。