中国临时仲裁制度的具体设计

中国是否需要建立临时仲裁制度,目前学界和实务界已论战多时。本文从临时仲裁具体设计的角度出发,提出了临时仲裁在中国实施的若干设想,以期为临时仲裁的施行作有益的探讨。     

Guardians Ad Litem and Children's Attorneys in Arizona: A Qualitative Examination of the Roles

An ongoing debate exists with little research support concerning the differences in the roles of guardians ad litem (GAL) and children's attorneys (CA) in dependency cases. Through qualitative interviews, this study examined GALs’ and CAs’ perceptions and execution of roles. Both executed their roles similarly and agreed the best interests of the child and the child's wishes are important. Shared goals included child safety, ensuring the child's voice is heard, keeping the family together, and minimizing the distress to the child. Challenges to executing their roles were often systemic, including overwhelmed courts and lack of community resources to serve clients’ needs.     

Agenda‐Setting at the Energy‐Water Nexus: Constructing and Maintaining a Policy Monopoly in U.S. Hydraulic Fracturing Regulation

Despite calls to increase federal oversight of hydraulic fracturing (HF), the U.S. Congress has maintained a regulatory system in which environmental regulatory authority is devolved to the states. We argue that this system is characterized by a long‐standing “policy monopoly”: a form of stability in policy agenda‐setting in which a specific manner of framing and regulating a policy issue becomes hegemonic. Integrating theories on agenda‐setting and environmental discourse analysis, we develop a nuanced conceptualization of policy monopoly that emphasizes the significance of regulatory history, public perceptions, industry–government relations, and environmental “storylines.” We evaluate how a policy monopoly in U.S. HF regulation has been constructed and maintained through a historical analysis of oil and gas regulation and a discourse analysis of eleven select congressional energy committee hearings. This research extends scholarship on agenda‐setting by better illuminating the importance of political economic and geographic factors shaping regulatory agendas and outcomes.     

Ad hoc coalitions and institutional exploitation in international security: towards a typology

Abstract

While the increasingly thick web of global, regional and sub-regional security arrangements and institutions has received ample scholarly attention, the phenomenon of ad hoc military coalitions and how they impact these institutions has been relatively little explored. We examine ad hoc coalitions in international security responses and develop a tentative typology of military responses that takes ad hoc coalitions into consideration, where we differentiate in terms of institutionalisation and duration. Following a rational-choice institutionalist logic, we argue that institutional proliferation increases the chances of institutional exploitation. We illustrate this with how states apply a pick-and-choose approach in which institutional products but not frameworks are used. They use the interoperable forces, a common culture and mainstreamed doctrine, but not the formal deployment of rapid response mechanisms of eg the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the African Union. In closing, we observe that institutional proliferation in international security facilitates a functionalist approach mainly inspired by national self-interest. Future research should examine whether this could result in dwindling relevance of international institutions, first in the domain of security, but later also in other domains.     

功能论视角下我国监护人责任的反思与重解

监护人责任制度的功能价值包括损害救济、预防以及保护被监护人利益三个方面,前两者为侵权责任法一般功能价值,后者为监护人责任制度特有功能价值。《侵权责任法》第32条对被监护人采一元化调整,囿于两款规定绝对区分适用的性质,致使监护人责任制度预设功能价值失衡。面对现有规范不足,新晋学说均难以对第32条(特别是第2款)实现理论自救。针对无民事行为能力人与限制民事行为能力人,应该配置不同的监护人责任,以期全面实现监护人责任制度的功能价值。     

论网络空间自卫权的行使对象问题

网络攻击往往由非国家行为体发起,实践中亦罕见有国家主动承认对网络攻击负责的实例。相应地,由于网络攻击的溯源存在技术、政治和法律方面的难题,受害国很难在传统自卫权的框架下对来自他国的网络攻击行使自卫权。非国家行为体尚不能构成传统武力攻击情境下的自卫权行使对象,更不宜成为网络空间自卫权的行使对象。作为替代,近年来将"不能够或不愿意"理论适用于网络空间自卫权的主张"甚嚣尘上"。"不能够或不愿意"理论表面上具有一定的正当性,但从既有国家归因标准和常规的自卫必要性的角度来看,该理论本质上缺乏实然法层面的法律依据,而且在适用时将面临一系列的法律不确定性。中国在参与网络空间国际造法的进程中,应当警惕将非国家行为体作为网络空间自卫权行使对象的主张,并应努力防止"不能够或不愿意"理论的引入和滥用,以遏制网络空间的军事化。     

关于出卖亲生子女的行为性质的理性思考

监护权是拐卖儿童罪的保护法益,出卖亲生子女的行为通常不会侵犯监护权.以营利目的或者非法获利目的取代出卖目的,既增加了定罪的复杂程度,又违背罪责刑相适应原则.将出于营利目的或者非法获利目的的出卖亲生子女的行为一律认定为拐卖儿童罪予以处罚,缺乏规范依据和法理依据.享有监护权的父母有抚养能力,共同出卖不满14周岁的亲生子女给他人收养的,应当以遗弃罪从重处罚.享有监护权的父母一方未经对方的同意,或者没有监护权的父母未经监护人的同意,以出卖为目的,出卖不满14周岁的亲生子女的,应当以拐卖儿童罪论处.     

农村留守儿童的监管问题研究——以安徽某地为例

随着我国农村外出务工人群的不断扩大,农村留守儿童的监管问题也日益突出。监管人对儿童的角色期待模糊,监管人、孩子和学校三者之间缺乏交流、互动,隔代教育的负面影响,是造成当前农村留守儿童监管问题的主要原因。     

对债权不可侵性独立地位的理论思考

债的相对性原则是古典契约法的基石,整个私法体系都是在此基础上构建的。传统理论基于相对性原则而否认第三人侵害债权之可能。后世虽然背弃此观点,但一般将债权不可侵性作为相对性原则的例外。债权具有不可侵性是债权的固有属性,不是相对性原则的突破,也不是债的效力扩张的结果。我国未来《民法典》应确立债权不可侵性之独立原则地位。同时,债权的不公开性要求严格侵害债权责任的主观构成,以实现自由与权利保护的利益衡量。