中国《刑法》中的环境犯罪:梳理、评价与展望

经过刑法修正案的几次修正,中国《刑法》对环境犯罪的法律规制逐渐形成了基本格局,并从严密法网和降低结果要求两个维度体现出了强调环境保护自身价值的明显倾向。但总体上说,人本主义的刑法本身仍值得坚持,而填充侵犯环境犯罪作为独立一章则需要慎重。降低环境犯罪的结果要求不等于规定了行为犯,而过失危险犯立法的主张不如所谓复合罪过立法,严格责任立法则实无必要。中国环境刑法的进一步完善,远景规划是追求立法双轨制、在行政法规中制定罪刑罚则,乃至在条件成熟时制定《危害环境犯罪法》。而就当下来说,更容易实现的目标是,进一步严密环境犯罪的法网范围,同时,完善相应的刑事制裁体系,以便更为有效地应对各种环境犯罪行为。     

论刑事存疑处理范式的比较与选择

存疑,即案情和法律的疑惑不清,是刑事诉讼中难以避免的现象,而如何处理刑事存疑问题则体现出一国的刑诉理念、价值取向乃至司法的文明发达程度.但是我国刑诉法中并没有规定解决刑事存疑问题的系统方案,司法实践中对存疑问题的处理异常混乱,从而直接影响了被告人的权利保障、司法统一以及刑罚权的正当性.在对刑事存疑处理范式比较分析的基础上,确立我国刑事存疑处理的原则业已成为我国刑事司法改革的当务之急.     

法院审理认罪认罚案件疑难问题研究

认罪认罚从宽制度的广泛适用,进一步促进刑事案件审判活动的繁简分流,提升刑事审判效率,但也在挑战着传统的刑事审判规则。作为行使刑事审判权力的国家机关,法院在审理认罪认罚案件过程中,存在法检关系、审理程序、庭审内容、应对上诉方式等方面的转变,同时,还面临精准量刑难以推进、程序效率价值不明、庭审实质效果不足、对上诉权制约无力等方面的难题。对此亟需通过科学的顶层设计,提升法院适用认罪认罚从宽制度的综合质效,其举措应包括但不限于:限定精准量刑的适用条件、健全分案和程序转化规则、明确庭审的审理重点和审理方式、确定并规范专门的上诉程序。     

Guilt and Innocence in the Criminal Justice System: A Comment on R (Mullen) v Secretary of State for the Home Department

The House of Lords upheld the Secretary of State's right to deny compensation under section 133 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988 and the ex gratia scheme to Mullen, whose conviction for conspiracy to cause explosions had been quashed by the Court of Appeal solely by reference to actions by the authorities (securing his illegal deportation to the UK) that constituted an abuse of process, without impugning the fairness of his trial or the accuracy of the verdict The note discusses the different judgments in the House of Lords and the Court of Appeal in terms of their implications for the respective roles of legal and political systems in determining guilt and innocence. In particular, the note explores the nature of the legal principle of the presumption of innocence as it operates in the context of successful appeals.     

论犯罪知情测试相关项目的有效性

犯罪心理测试技术中的犯罪知情测试(GKT)法对测试条件有较高要求,主要是保障测试相关项目的有效性。实践中影响CKT测试相关项目有效性的因素有很多,测试人员应当认真分析案件材料,排除干扰因素的影响,选准有效相关项目,并做好测试中的校正与评估,确保测试结论的可靠性。     

论精神疾病人犯罪的侦防对策

中国疾病预防控制中心精神卫生中心2009年初公布的数据显示,我国各类精神疾病患者人数在1亿人以上,另有研究数据显示,我国重性精神病患人数已超过1600万。如此高的人数与目前社会上高发的精神疾病人实施侵害行为,已经成为一个亟待解决的问题,对于精神疾病人的犯罪应重在防范,侦查的目的也是为了防止再次造成侵害。鉴于此前情形,侦查要从观念、人才、措施等方面努力;在防治方面;对于已经实施危险行为的分为有病无罪有责、有病有罪,对之分别采取防治措施,对尚未实施危险行为的,根据危险性分别采取预防措施。     

危险驾驶罪主观罪过的认定困境

危险驾驶罪的主观罪过的认定争议主要集中在间接故意和过于自信过失的区别上,文章认为应将危险驾驶罪的主观罪过定为过失较为适宜。     

Romantic guilt and identity

Abstract

There is a kind of guilt that looks archaic, but which arises at the moment of Romanticism. One way of understanding it is as a response to a plight bequeathed by Kant. Kant's account of the subject secures the subject as such, but not the particular individual. The particular individual for Kant presents a risk, the risk of turning away from the good will defined by the categorical imperative to embrace one's own, particular good. Ultimately for Kant this entails the risk of radical evil. The peculiarity of Romantic guilt is that it seems to grant one ontological assurance for one's particular individuality. This paper explores and seeks to define the phenomenon of Romantic guilt as a possible aspect of tensions in lived experience, in particular between the universalism and moral autonomy associated with the rationalist, Enlightenment strain in liberalism, and the particularism and rootedness of cultural belonging associated with Romanticism. Romantic guilt emerges as having a constitutive function in relation to the self. The paper concludes with suggestions about ways in which further research might trace Romantic guilt in a collective form in nationalism and modernity.     

Introduction: Emotions and justice

The articles in this collection all assume that emotions are an essential foundation for justice. Within this broad framework, many different possibilities are explored. These range from the role of empathic emotions to the role played by a desire for vengeance. They involve the examination of emotional responses to injustice in different cultures. And they include an exploration of the different sorts of selves that are possible and how one of these may be the self of a just person.     

Romantic Relationship Aggression and Attitudes in High School Students: The Role of Gender,Grade, and Attachment and Emotional Styles

Use of aggressive behaviors in adolescent romantic relationships, the endorsement of attitudes that promote such behaviors, and the extent to which attachment and emotional styles are related to these behaviors and attitudes were examined in 254 high school students. In general, aggressive behaviors and attitudes were not common. As expected girls were somewhat more likely to report being the perpetrator of physical aggression and boys were somewhat more likely to endorse the acceptance of aggression and dysfunctional sexual attitudes. For girls, a less secure relationship with best friends and lower levels of shame and guilt were related to the use of aggression in romantic relationships and endorsing less healthy attitudes about these relationships. For boys, externalizing responsibility for harm to others was related to using physical aggression in romantic relationships and lower levels of guilt and shame were related to the justification of sexual aggression. Intervention implications discussed include the need to employ programs that are grounded in the nature of adolescent relationships where aggression is more often mutual between partners, and the potential benefit of targeting emotional styles.