An investigation into the spatial elemental distribution within a pane of glass by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

Advances in the technology employed for the manufacture of glass have resulted in a final glass product with little variability in terms of its physical and optical properties. For example, the refractive index of Australian float glass tends to lie between 1.5189 and 1.5194. It has therefore become necessary to complement physical and optical methods for forensic glass comparison with instrumental elemental analyses. In a previous study, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry has been shown to offer potential for the analysis of glass particles as small as a few tens of microns across. In this study, the three-dimensional homogeneity of a sheet of float glass is described, and consequences for forensic elemental analysis of glass particles of such size are explored. Variation in Si, Ca, Mg, and Na levels immediately under the nonfloat surface was observed, with the variance accompanied by a decrease in refractive index.     

Sex Determination from Hand Dimensions of North and South Indians

Abstract:  When dismembered human remains are encountered, the decedent's sex may not be obvious. For these scenarios, techniques for sex determination may play a vital part of the medicolegal investigation. Five hundred hands (230 males, 270 females) from North and South Indian region were studied to investigate sexual dimorphism in hand dimensions (hand length, hand breadth, and palm length). The hand index (hand breadth/hand length × 100) and the palm index (hand breadth/palm length × 100) were derived. The hand dimensions show a higher accuracy in sex determination when compared to indices. Of all hand dimensions, hand breadth has the highest accuracy of sex determination in the study group. The sex differences were found to be statistically significant only for the hand index on the left side. The morphometric parameters of the hand show considerable sexual dimorphism in the Indian population while the hand and palm index remain poor sex indicators. The study thus has medicolegal implications when a dismembered hand is brought for examination.     

青少年手腕骨骨龄与生活年龄的差异观察

目的比较以不同骨龄标准所评价的青少年手腕骨骨龄与生活年龄的差异,观察生长发育长期变化对青少年年龄推测的影响。方法从中国5座大中城市抽取11464名（男5873,女5591）3～18岁汉族正常青少年儿童,并另随机抽取950名（男516,女434）12～18岁骨发育正常的汉族青少年作为验证样本。按CHN法和RC法骨龄标准评价手腕部X线片骨龄,并对不同方法评价的骨龄及生活年龄进行统计学分析。结果各年龄组CHN法骨龄中位数大于RC骨龄,其差异具有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。验证样本中,在男12—16．5岁、女12～14．5岁之间,CHN骨龄减生活年龄之差值分别为0．35—1．00岁和0．57～1．16岁（P〈0．01）;RC骨龄减生活年龄的差值分别为-0．26—0．23岁和-0．27～0．06岁（P〉0．05）。在男17～18岁、女15～17岁之间,CHN骨龄减生活年龄的差值分别为-0．52～-1．05岁和-0．16～-1．13岁（P〈0．05）,RC骨龄减生活年龄的差值分别为-0．35～-0．48岁和-0．22～-0．79岁（P〈0．05）。结论CHN法骨龄高于生活年龄,在大部分年龄组RC骨龄与生活年龄基本一致。     

浅析知识产权平行进口问题

由于经济利益的驱动,在国际贸易中,一国未被授权的进口商从外国知识产权人或持有人手中购得商品并未经批准而输入本国,而该知识产权在此以前已在本国得到保护,从而产生平行进口的问题.知识产权平行进口是国际贸易领域不可回避的课题,其合法性问题始终是知识产权法律界争议的焦点之一.学者因为对权利穷竭与地域性原则的理解不同,因而理论界出现了两种截然相反的观点.通过对相关理论及实践的分析,提出平行进口的合法化取决于各国国内法对于权利穷竭原则与地域性原则的明确与具体化的观点,并针对中国入市后对外贸易发展的需要提出了相应对策.     

行政诉权--公务员权利的救济

公务员是国家行政管理活动的具体执行者。在传统理论中,其从属于行政机关,相应权利受到侵犯时也不享有司法救济的权利。这违背了法治的理念和原则。所以赋予公务员以行政诉权是人权保障的需要,也是依法治国的必然要求。     

Changes in Fingerprints and the Quantity of Material Forming the Print Depending on Hand Cleanliness,Gender, and Ambient Conditions

Impressions of friction ridges left on a surface are important evidence for identifying an individual and can be used to confirm his or her presence at the scene of an incident. Factors influencing the durability of fingerprints include the physiological characteristics and cleanliness of the individual, environmental factors, and time. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of atmospheric factors, gender, hand cleanliness and time on the width of friction ridge impressions and the amount of material forming the print. The research shows that factors such as gender, ambient conditions, and hand cleanliness affect the width of the ridge impressions and the quantity of material forming the print. The passage of time significantly reduces both the width of the ridge impressions and the quantity of the material forming the print.     

Field-portable detection of fentanyl and its analogs: A review

The need to detect fentanyl and its analogs in the field is an important capability to help prevent unintentional exposure or overdose on these substances, which may result in death. Many portable methods historically used in the field by first responders and other field users to detect and identify other chemical substances, such as hazardous materials, have been applied to the detection and identification of these synthetic opioids. This paper describes field portable spectroscopic methods used for the detection and identification of fentanyl and its analogs. The methods described are automated colorimetric tests including lateral flow assays; vibrational spectroscopy (mid-infrared and Raman); gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; ion mobility spectrometry, and high-pressure mass spectrometry. In each case the background and key details of these technologies are outlined, followed by a discussion of the application of the technology in the field. Attention is paid to the analysis of complex mixtures and limits of detection, including the required spectral databases and algorithms used to interrogate these types of samples. There is also an emphasis on providing actionable information to the (likely) non-scientist operators of these instruments in the field.     

关于四氧化三钴纳米粉体显现手印的研究

四氧化三钴纳米粉体是众多纳米粉体之一,通过对其在打印纸、单光纸、胶版纸、牛皮纸、钱币、平板玻璃、塑料、油漆物面等客体、按照新鲜、1小时、4小时、12小时、24小时、48小时、96小时时段进行捺印的汗液手印的显现,发现它的显现效果较好,值得推广使用。     

“看不见的手”与看得见的经济和谐——亚当·斯密经济思想的政治解读

亚当·斯密以“看不见的手”作为一种调节经济活动运行的方式，虽出于自利的动机，但结果却导致私利与公利的自然和谐，这对后继经济学者经济和谐理论的建构产生重大而深远的影响。     

浅论布鲁诺对人的发现

本文集中说明布鲁诺“人的发现”方面的思想。在布鲁诺看来,人和其他生物没有区别,人的本体状态与所有其他有生命物质的可能的状态处于同一个自然层次。布鲁诺认为,与其他动物不同的是,人由于其机体的特殊构造和形体并且能够比动物更会利用自己的躯体才可以上升为神圣。布鲁诺认为是劳动使人区别于甚至凌驾于其他物种之上。布鲁诺十分重视人手的作用,把手作为众器官之王。人能够用自己的双手来改造自然,建立文明。人懂得使用和谐的方式来使用体内的智力和潜在的功能。理想的劳动应该是愉快的。