论笔迹鉴定差异点的评断

书写习惯的自身同一是包含了差异的同一,而不同人书写习惯的差异则是包含了共性的非本质差异,因而在通过未知与已知笔迹比较检验来实现书写习惯的同一认定时必须科学评断差异的性质,否则同一认定鉴定意见缺乏科学可靠性。在对笔迹鉴定意见的质证中,对差异点的认识和性质的判断成为争议的焦点,而且成为评价鉴定活动是否严谨和科学,以及鉴定意见是否可以采信的主要依据之一。而今面对证据科学对笔迹鉴定意见的挑战,除严格笔迹鉴定的条件外,必须从理论上完善对笔迹鉴定差异点的评断方法,明确评断的规则,从而保证鉴定意见的科学可靠性。     

论签名笔迹的频谱分析方法

通过一种签名笔迹的频谱分析方法,并提取签名笔迹的压力、速度等动态特征数据,利用傅立叶变换原理,对特征数据进行频谱分析。实验研究发现,同一人的签名笔迹频谱图相似度高,且明显区别于他人的签名笔迹。签名笔迹的频谱分析方法可以直观、有效的鉴别签名笔迹。     

利用真签名伪造文书的识别与检验

通常情况下,绝大多数人认为,签名真伪决定了文书真伪。司法鉴定实际工作中,事实上签名真伪与文书真伪并不是等同关系。利用真签名伪造文书有许多方法。由于签名真是书写人的笔迹,因此在利用真签名伪造文书的实际鉴定中,鉴定人往往忽视系统检验,从而作出不符合客观实际的鉴定结论。在检验中,应充分根据利用真签名伪造文书不同方法出现的不同特点,综合运用案情分析法、细节特征比较法、图像软件分析法、仪器检验法、系统检验法进行检验。在检验过程中,还应注意受理案件时的材料是否为原件;案件情况中双方当事人矛盾的焦点;签名是真签名还是摹仿签名。     

浅谈笔迹线条主动触觉在笔迹鉴定中的运用

笔迹是书写运动的轨迹,在观察静态特征的同时运用其动态特征,无疑可以提高笔迹鉴定的水平。但如何获取字迹的书写压力、书写速度和加速度等动态特征,目前还是个难题。笔迹心理学中笔迹线条主动触觉的分析是将笔迹书写时的压力与速度贯穿于字迹观察分析的始终,将其运用于笔迹鉴定,可在传统的笔迹鉴定二维平面字迹特征的视觉观察分析模式基础上,将视觉观察与触觉体验相结合,形成字迹形态二维平面特征与书写时笔向下的力度,和沿笔画书写的速度相结合的四维特征观察分析模式。     

笔迹样本及提取技巧

在笔迹检验中,笔迹样本是否可靠、充分、具有可比性,直接关系到鉴定结论准确与否。如果提取的样本不符合鉴定要求,即使找准了嫌疑对象,也难以做出同一认定结论。如何提取符合鉴定要求的笔迹样本,作者参考有关文献,结合二十年来在基层从事笔迹检验实践的体会,研究探讨了笔迹样本的种类、条件及提取技巧。以期为文检同行及公检法办案人员抛砖引玉。     

遗嘱笔迹鉴定研究

通过案例分析、比较研究而获得不同种类遗嘱笔迹特点，在此基础上分析鉴定的难点，并提出伪装书写遗嘱笔迹、受客观条件影响变化的遗嘱笔迹识别以及同一认定鉴定的方法要点。     

The Decipherment of Latent White Board Entries

This case involves an incriminating message written on a white board and erased before the investigators seized the evidence. Investigators inquired about the possibility of recovering the entries and subsequently submitted the board to the Documents and Digital Evidence Branch for examination. In an attempt to recover latent handwritten entries, examinations were conducted utilizing the Foster and Freeman Video Spectral Comparator 6000/Hyper Spectral (VSC 6000/HS). Latent handwritten entries were observed with the use of an excitation band‐pass filter in the range of 485 nm‐610 nm with a longpass barrier filter at 645 nm in front of the camera lens of the VSC 6000/HS. Entries were also recovered and imaged using an alternate light source with the Phase One (P65) imaging system. Multiple latent handwritten entries were recovered utilizing various instruments and lighting techniques. This report discusses the details concerning the examination and the results.     

基于计算机自动识别的笔迹特征动力学分析

要实现计算机笔迹识别,必须深入分析笔迹特征和仔细甄别书写过程中的时间和空间的运动关系。汉字识别技术与笔迹鉴定相比,二者对检材、样本的条件要求不同,鉴定的目的不同,提取的特征不完全相同,得出的识别或鉴定的结果的意义不同。只有依照笔迹鉴定的要求,在特征提取、识别算法、测量技术等方面有突破性进展的基础上,才能实现身份认证意义上的计算机笔迹自动识别系统。     

An insight into forensic document examiner expertise for discriminating between forged and disguised signatures

It has previously been shown that forensic document examiners (FDEs) have expertise in providing opinions about whether questioned signatures are genuine or simulated. This study extends the exploration of FDE expertise by evaluating the performance of eight FDEs and 12 control subjects at identifying signatures as either forgeries or the disguised writing of a specimen provider. Subject eye movements and response times were recorded with a Tobii 1750 eye tracker during the signature evaluations. Using a penalty scoring system, FDEs performed significantly better than control subjects (t = 2.465, p = 0.024), with one FDE able to correctly call 13 of the 16 test stimuli (and three inconclusive calls). An analysis of eye movement search patterns by the subjects indicated that a very similar search strategy was employed by both groups, suggesting that visual inspection of signatures is mediated by a bottom up search strategy. However, FDEs spent greater than 50% longer to make a decision than the control group. The findings are suggestive that for some stimuli FDEs can discriminate between forgeries and disguises, and that this ability is due to a careful inspection and consideration of multiple features within a signature.