Does intellectual property lead to economic growth? Insights from a novel IP dataset

While policymakers often make bold claims as to the positive impact of intellectual property (IP) rights on both developed and developing country economies, the empirical literature is more ambiguous. IP rights have both incentive and inhibitory effects that are difficult to isolate in the abstract and are dependent on economic context. To unravel these contradictory effects, this article introduces an index that evaluates the strength of IP protection in 124 developing countries for the years 1995 to 2011. We illustrate the value of this index to economics study and show evidence that is consistent with IP leading to increased growth. Our results are further consistent with two causal pathways highlighted in the literature: that IP leads to greater levels of technology transfer and increased domestic inventive activity. Yet other aspects of our study fit uneasily with this simple story. For example, we find evidence suggesting that increased levels of growth lead to greater levels of IP protection, contradictory evidence in the literature linking IP with growth, a lack of evidence that increased levels of IP protection lead to actual use of the IP system, and problems with what IP indexes measure. Because of this, we suggest another – and so far undertheorized – explanation of the links between IP and growth: that IP may have few direct effects on growth and that any causality is a result of belief rather than actual deployment of IP.     

希望：在自由与幸福之间——康德的希望问题略探

希望问题论域在康德哲学体系中具有重要的地位。希望的前提是道德,而道德的核心是自由,由此人的自由构成了人们得以希望的前提;同时,希望指向的对象是幸福,而这种幸福只有和德行匹配才具有人性的价值和意义,由此只有以正义原则为核心的幸福才能构成希望的真正对象,即康德的希望问题论域介于人的自由和希望本性之间,是理解康德哲学的人学内涵一“人的两重性”——的一把钥匙。     

Testing the antecedents to e-democracy towards citizens’ happiness: a structural equation modelling approach to ‘MyGov’ initiative,India

ABSTRACT

“MyGov” is an ambitious ICT-based platform of the government of India, where citizens contribute to policy making by engaged in various ways. As the initiative is about to complete 5 years, the research is focused on to test the antecedents to e-democracy and citizens’ happiness by a structural equation modeling on responses from 413 users of “MyGov” platform. The empirical outcomes established the predictive role of transparency and value expectancy on e-democracy in addition to the impact of trust and e-democracy on citizens’ happiness. The study also supported the positive association between transparency and trust.     

马克思恩格斯的幸福观及其当代意义

幸福理论在马克思主义研究体系中占有重要地位,幸福和快乐作为马克思主义幸福理论的关键概念,内涵各异,而又互相关联,常常容易混淆使用。运用马克思主义的基本理论,从快乐和幸福的构成多维性、目的终极性、人格道德性、人生意义性、动力持续性的角度着手,深入研究并阐述幸福和快乐之间的界线和联系,进而尝试分别给出幸福和快乐的概念和特征界定。社会主义为实现幸福提供了制度保障,个人幸福只能在促进社会发展和为人民服务的过程中才能得以真正实现。     

法治的量化分析——法治指数衡量体系全球经验与中国应用

指数是衡量全球各国经济、政治走势的重要尺度,各种类型的指数从某种程度上精确折射着社会生存的客观真实状态。在民主、法治等社会科学领域始终缺少一种定量分析的研究方法。法治在进入高速发展的信息化时代之后,我们应改变传统抽象法治观念的思维,并突破不同文化间法治价值观念的屏障,将法治理念贯穿至具体的指数模型之中。法治指数体系中囊括了诸如民主指数、腐败指数等一系列精确、稳定的指数样本。本文从全球具有较大影响力的法治指数出发并结合中国的基本国情进行方法论上分析与探索,为当今中国寻找一种新型、理想的法治发展路径。     

浅议统计在企业经营管理中的应用

本文通过对企业经济统计现状的存在问题的分析和企业统计在实际中的应用举例 ,提出了统计改革的必要性 ,然后 ,从三个不同的方面 ,特别是从人的主观能动性方面阐述了怎样才使统计在企业经营管理中得到充分和有效地应用。     

糖尿病患者血液生化、血细胞分析与中医辨证关系

目的：探讨108例糖尿病及其并发症患血清生化、血细胞分析及血压、胰肾大小与中医辨证关系。方法：对糖尿病患进行中医辨证分型，采用全自动生化分析仪、电解质分析仪和血细胞分析仪测定生化、电解质、血细胞等指标。结果：气阴两虚型和阴阳两虚型糖尿病患，血浆总蛋白、白蛋白较正常对照组显性降低（P＜0．01），而胆固醇无显性差异（P＞0．05），血糖明显升高（P＜0．01）；血清钙离子较对照组显性下降（P＜0．01）。阴阳两虚型糖尿病患血压、胰头、肾脏较正常对照组有明显差异（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）；红细胞、红细胞比容、平均红细胞体积均较正常对照组显性下降（P＜0．01），平均血红蛋白含量及平均血红蛋白浓度较正常对照组增高（P＜0．01）。结论：阴阳两虚型糖尿病患存在糖、脂肪和蛋白质三大物质代谢紊乱，钙离子代谢紊乱，及其血压、胰头、肾脏大小及血细胞明显变化，有助于中医辨证客观化。     

对当前现代化指标体系的几点认识

现代化指标体系已经成为现代化学科理论和实践探索中的热点问题。在创建指标评价体系时应注意以下几个原则:全面反映现代化的内涵和特征;与国际标准接轨;体现时代性和发展性;从实际情况出发;简明科学,有可操作性。     

Is There an Association Between the Body Mass Index and Interpersonal Violent Behavior?

An inverse relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and the risk of completed suicide was shown in several studies. Furthermore, it is suggested that obesity might be associated with a lower risk for violent criminality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze whether a higher BMI is associated with a lower risk for being arrested due to violent behavior in a sample of 43,992 male offenders. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the relationship between different BMI categories and categories of committed crime as outcome variable by including various covariates. Our results indicated that compared to a normal BMI a higher BMI was associated with a significantly lower risk for being arrested in different crime categories associated with interpersonal violence, such as crimes against life and limb (for example: odds ratio = 0.60, CI 95%: 0.52–0.69 for 30–34.9 kg/m²).     

Ancestry and BMI Influences on Facial Soft Tissue Depths for A Cohort of Chinese and Caucasoid Women in Dunedin,New Zealand

This study measured and assessed facial soft tissue depths (FSTDs) in adult female Chinese and New Zealand (NZ) Europeans (Caucasoids). Ultrasound was used to obtain depths at nine landmarks on 108 healthy subjects (51 Chinese, 57 NZ European), erect positioned, of same age group (18–29 years). Height and weight were also recorded. Statistical analysis focused on comparison of tissue depth between the two ancestry groups and the influence of Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m²). Results showed mean depth differences at Supra M2 and Infra M2 landmarks significantly greater for Chinese than Caucasoid women for all three BMI Classes (BMI <20, 20 ≤ BMI < 25, 25 ≤ BMI < 30), even BMI <20. For both groups BMI positively correlated with FSTD values at all landmarks except Labrale superius. This study enabled ancestry and BMI influence on FSTDs to be observed and compared for two distinct groups. Results add to knowledge about facial tissue depth variation.