The decision of the Italian Constitutional Court on numerus clausus: A matter for Community law

This article discusses the recent decision of the Italian Constitutional Court on the numerus clausus issue, containing the first relevant pronouncement by the highest jurisdiction on the constitutional legality of the measures adopted so far by the Ministry. The Constitutional Court considers these measures in conformity with the Constitution to the extent that they implement Community law, and especially certain directives on the recognition of qualifications. Thus, Community law is deemed to provide the proper legal framework to adopt certain regulations, amongst which restrictions to access. This article argues that, in the context of litigation on access to university, Community law has been used improperly and that, in any event, a convenient solution to the issue could have been found in national law. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

论犯罪低龄化与法律正义的冲突

当法律与正义发生冲突时,应当以正义为先。当现实的正义在法律上得不到实现时,应当修改法律以适应人类正义的需求。本文立足于当前犯罪形势的发展,认为刑法应当与时俱进,以彰显法律正义。     

对我国媒体与法院冲突的思考

媒体与法院的关系是“依法治国”所面临的一个重大理论与现实问题。从媒体追求信息实现其表达自由的本质来看,它并非具备裁判公平正义的功能,司法独立的意义不仅在于司法权不受其他政府机构的干预,而且也要独立于媒体所代表的舆论压力。协调与处理媒体与法院的关系,应以本土资源为基础,并有选择地适用域外经验,以实现媒体与法院的良性有序互动。     

刑事诉讼中证人出庭作证若干问题研究

刑事诉讼中证人出庭作证难一直是困扰刑事诉讼法的贯彻实施、困扰刑事审判方式改革进一步深化的关键性因素。英美法系对抗式诉讼证人出庭作证制度的理念应为我国所借鉴;构建我国证人出庭作证的理论;从立法与文化背景寻找我国证人出庭作证难的原因,应完善我国的证人出庭作证制度。     

论社会政治因素对刑罚的影响

刑罚是由法律规定的 ,这只是一种表面认识。深入分析 ,在立法之后潜藏着社会政治因素的深刻影响。从社会学角度分析 ,刑罚权是国家政权的派生物 ,刑事政策则直接关乎一国刑罚体系、结构和种类等问题     

Italian criminal trials: Lost in transition? Differing degrees of criminal justice convergence in Italy and Australia

The Italian Code of Criminal Procedure underwent extraordinary reform in 1988, from an established inquisitorial system to incorporate key elements of adversarialism. This reform sought to create greater separation of powers and efficiency of the trial system. Two decades on, Italian criminal trials continue to be overly protracted, and struggle with maintaining independence of the judiciary (particularly a distinct separation from the prosecutorial arm). This paper primarily examines the philosophical foundations of inquisitorial and adversarial systems, and theories of the policy making process. It develops a theoretical framework for understanding the transformation of the Italian trial system, and the challenges that have resulted from combining two divergent approaches to criminal justice. Various important lessons are drawn for criminal justice community, as many jurisdictions are engaging in similar convergence of these systems as a result of global influence and change.     

小额速裁程序的法理思考与制度完善

小额速裁程序制度已经突破传统诉讼程序设置的基本原理与框架,在法律定位上,该程序应当是与普通程序和简易程序独立并存的审判程序。诉讼程序与非诉程序法理交错适用、诉讼成本与诉讼收益相适应、效率与公正价值的衡平、诉讼合意与能动司法的协调是该程序的理论基础。我国小额速裁程序制度的完善应当在依据其基本法理、反思各地司法实践经验的基础上,实现从体例结构到内容的改进。     

环境法庭的正当性分析——以能动司法为视角

环境法庭从诞生至今,一直受到理论界的关注,作为应对急剧增加的环境纠纷的新事物,其从诞生至今,褒贬不一。在基层设立环境法庭,由于其缺乏实体法和程序法上的依据,受到理论界的一些批评,本文以能动司法为视角,从法律依据和事实依据两个方面分析了环境法庭的正当性,以期为解决环境法庭设立的正当性危机,同时也为环境法庭的完善提供一种新...     

司法独立的思考

司法独立是法治社会的内在要求,对保证司法裁判的公正,维护社会秩序,满足社会成员对效益的需求,具有重要意义。本文主要分析了目前阻碍司法独立的内部和外部因素,指出了司法独立的意义,并提出了笔者对于实现司法独立的设想。     

中国加入国际刑事法院的必然性

中国作为《国际刑事法院规约》的非缔约国,一直高度关注着它的发展。本文以国际法的视角,反驳了中国未能通过该规约的五点理由,阐述了笔者对中国加入国际刑事法院的鲜明立场,以求对我国政府的决策有所启迪。