NGOs and Ethnic Conflict: Lessons from the Work of the Project on Ethnic Relations in the Balkans

This article examines the impact of nongovernmental organization-sponsored contact and communication on fostering peaceful solutions to ethnic conflict via case studies of the activities of the Project on Ethnic Relations (PER) in Romania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo, and Serbia. It explores five operational principles that guide PER activity: creating credible, neutral forums for dialogue; maintaining momentum; working within political realities; encouraging indigenous solutions from within existing processes; and acting with the backing of powerful states. These principles explain PER's success as a "weak mediator" of ethnic conflicts. According to this analysis, PER also exhibits organizational characteristics that contribute to success, including nonpartisanship, area expertise and extensive networks of local contacts, and an ability to secure the trust of local actors.
A significant indicator of the success of PER activities is the establishment by conflicting parties of institutionalized mechanisms for addressing their differences. Contrary to the view that electoral competition contributes to conflict, this study finds that the possibility of achieving an electoral advantage by participating cooperatively in conflict resolution activities creates incentives for local actors to recognize opportunities offered by PER activities and leads local actors to heed PER's advice. Finally, the article offers a cautionary observation. While PER's perceived influence with major international actors may contribute to its local successes, once a state actor with the power to impose a solution has committed itself to ending a conflict, its preferences outweigh any local interests in determining the outcome and renders the efforts of a "weak mediator" such as PER irrelevant.     

欧洲银行监管委员会《外包标准》(建议稿)介评 ——兼论我国金融外包监管法之完善

金融外包给金融风险监管提出了新的要求.有鉴于此,欧洲银行监管委员会先后出台了两份建议稿试图为银行业务外包风险监管在欧盟的框架内提供统一的指导原则.名为<外包标准>的建议稿是在<外包高级原则>(建议稿)的基础上于2006年4月出台的,二者在名称及具体内容上都有较大的不同.<外包标准>建议稿在保留第1份建议稿特色的基础上,强调了对客户金融隐私的保护,修正了金融监管部门对外包的监管权,使外包业务的分类更加明确.但是,现行建议稿在监管标准的制订上未充分考虑不同种类的外包商可能对外包风险造成的影响,要求所有的外包都必须有服务水平协议也较为绝对化.参考欧洲银行监管委员会在金融外包监管方面的立法经验,考虑我国金融外包的实践,我国应当制定普遍的金融外包监管法,同时对<电子银行业务管理办法>中电子银行业务外包部分进行完善.     

技术傻化的社会学阐述

傻化是操作技术的简易化，是用少的或浅显的知识去使用产品。“界面”(操作技术)是可以相对独立于“系统”(运行技术)的。技术傻化已渗透到日常生活的各个领域，其原因是：(1)现代社会的知识成指数函数增长，科技产品极大丰富；(2)专业化分工日益加深，制作(生产)日益与使用(消费)相分离；(3)开发商为实现其产品大众化目标，不断使其产品的操作简易化。技术傻化在发展中国家中有其重要功能。它有助于高新技术的推广普及，产生良好的社会经济效益；有助于消除现代社会中的“数字鸿沟”这一新型不平等形式；有助于丰富普通人的生活。     

高铜对雏鸭肝影响的病理学观察

将360只1日龄天府肉鸭随机分为6组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu 8 mg/kg)和高铜日粮(Ⅰ组:Cu100 mg/kg;Ⅱ组:Cu 200 mg/kg;Ⅲ组:Cu 400 mg/kg;Ⅳ组:Cu 600 mg/kg;Ⅴ组:Cu 800 mg/kg)6周,研究日粮铜添加水平对雏鸭肝及其相关生化指标的影响。结果显示,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组雏鸭肝出现不同程度的病理损伤,肝细胞颗粒变性、空泡变性。Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组肝铜含量和血清铜含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性显著升高(P<0.01)。结果表明,日粮铜含量达400~800 mg/kg即可引起肝的病理损伤。     

江苏省猪高热病病例主要继发感染病毒的多重PCR检测

应用建立的2个多重PCR方法,对2005~2006年收集于江苏省的211份猪高热病疑似病料进行了检测。结果,PRRSV阳性率为51.2%,PCV2阳性率为44.1%,CSFV阳性率为10.4%,PPV阳性率为3.9%,PRV阳性率为2.4%。2005年病料中PCV2阳性率为21.2%,2006年为73.2%;2005年PRRSV阳性率为38.1%,2006年为67.7%。2006年猪高热病疫情比2005年严重,PCV2和PRRSV可能在其中发挥了协同致病作用。对10个PRRSV分离株ORF5基因和Nsp2基因进行的测序表明,2006年分离株Nsp2基因中有连续87个碱基的缺失。     

The Frontiers of Legal Analysis: Reframing the Transition in Northern Ireland

British constitutional legal discourse is structurally limited in its capacity to capture the complexity of the Good Friday Agreement. Rather than assessing the Agreement in narrow devolutionary terms, it should be seen as a hybrid domestic and international law instrument, making an important contribution to accepted international law norms in relation to self-determination. The Agreement transforms and partly transcends the Northern Ireland conflict by substituting political contestation for violent conflict, and by defining the modalities of conducting that contestation. This analysis complements classical international law perspectives, and opens up the application of legal discourses associated with 'transitional justice' to the legal and political transformation in Northern Ireland. These discourses focus on the problem of reconciling the demands of peace with the imperatives of justice. The Agreement sits squarely in this terrain with its provisions on 'dealing with the past' and 'institutional legacies'. The insights gained here challenge orthodox thinking about conflict-management and the ongoing political process.     

New Requirements and Key Tasks of the 14th Five-Year Plan under the New Pattern of Modernization in the New Era

The “14th Five-Year Plan” period is a period of change in the transformation of old and new kinetic energies, and is facing a big change that has not occurred in a century. The “14th Five-Year Plan” will link the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects with the opening of a new journey of socialist modernization. In the new historical orientation, the “14th Five-Year Plan” needs to be based on the new pattern of modernization to assess its new requirements, in the planning guidance level requires deepening of the new development concept; in the planning guidance requires high-quality development of the economy, society and people's lives as the core, to achieve the goal of modernization and modernization of human development. The main lines of planning call for modernization, such as strengthening the modern economic system and modernizing the national governance system and capacity. Accordingly, the key tasks of the “14th Five-Year Plan” should include fostering new impetus for modern development, improving the modern market system, developing a modern industrial system, improving the modern mechanism for coordinated regional development and promoting ecological modernization, and then promoting China's economic and social development on the path of modernization.     

文化对话:全球化时代的生存智慧

从文化角度看,全球化是一个矛盾体系,是整合与碎裂、一体化与分离化、世界化与本土化的张力场。全球化时代文化多元化是必要的,但推到极端刻意强调文化本土化、文化民族主义及发展为文化沙文主义、文化原教旨主义,将导致文化的矛盾、对立与冲突,影响人类社会的和平与发展,甚至将脆弱的地球村推向崩溃的边缘。因此,在全球化时代,展开不同文化间的沟通与对话,消除偏见与冲突.是21世纪地球村公民生存发展的智慧选择。     

Bargaining for justice: A means to resolve competing justice claims

In many types of social situations, individuals defend their claims to a portion of the rewards by arguing that they are just. Although a great deal of research demonstrates that individuals differ in their distribution preferences and thus their beliefs about what is fair, the literature curiously omits consideration of the consequences of these differences, especially the conflict they may engender. This paper first reviews the few attempts to address such justice conflict. The limitations of these approaches suggest concerns to be addressed in an alternative framework. The paper presents a theoretical discussion of this alternative that integrates assumptions about distribution preferences, justice beliefs, conditions fostering the emergence of justice conflict, and elements of negotiation processes as a basic framework for predictions about the bargaining strategies individuals may employ to resolve competing justice claims.     

寻求法治精神——由“长春老人免费乘车案”引起的法律思考

本文试从分析“长春七旬老人免费乘车案”所带来的尴尬困境入手,围绕本案所涉及到的我国在立法、司法方面的法治精神问题进行阐述,进而立足于实质法治精神,寻求解决这一困境的有效途径,以期实现真正的法制统一与司法公正。