Comparison of outcomes of patients with personality disorder to patients with mental illness,following discharge from medium secure hospital: systematic review

Background: Medium secure hospitals (MSHs) are costly yet outcome studies, particularly regarding the differential effects of diagnosis, are scant. Research Question: Are there differences in outcomes after MSH discharge for patients with PD compared to patients with mental illness (MI): systematic review. Method: Systematically reviewed studies which distinguished outcomes for patients with PD from those with MI, regarding reconvictions, readmissions and/or mortality rates. Results: From eight studies, comprising 1017 patients, mean reconviction rates per 100,000 person-years for patients with PD were higher (14,369) than those with MI (7799). However, mean readmission and mortality rates were lower (8403 and 668 per 100,000 person-years) compared to those with MI (13,390 and 1083) per 100,000 person-years. Conclusions: Diagnosis appears to differentially impact on reconviction, readmission and mortality rates. Services could tailor pathways to prioritise symptom management and promoting healthy lifestyles for patients with MI, and reducing reoffending for patients with PD.     

A cost comparison study of using global positioning system technology (electronic monitoring) in a medium secure forensic psychiatric service

‘Electronic Monitoring’ (EM) uses devices to monitor individuals’ whereabouts. In 2010, South London and Maudsley medium secure unit introduced EM to monitor individuals on leave. Analysis after two years revealed EM was associated with increased unescorted leave and reduced leave violation; however, comparative costs were not established. This study aims to compare costs of EM for patients on leave by comparing average total cost per patient with and without EM. Costs were compared before and after implementation of EM. Total cost of leave for each group was divided by number of patients to generate average total cost per patient. The average total cost per patient without EM was £1702; £1617 with EM. Although cost decreased, this was not statistically significant. The results showed no significant difference between average total costs per patient before and after EM. The finding of EM being cost-neutral is cautiously optimistic. Further trials are recommended.     

Dialogue Mechanism Leads to New Sino-U.S. Relations

正IN his 1961 inauguration address President John F.Kennedy said:"If a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion,let both sides join in creating a new endeavor–not a new balance of power,but a new world of law–where the strong are just,and the weak secure,and the peace preserved.All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days;nor in the life of this Administration;nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet.But let us begin."     

From Big Data to Knowledge: An Ontological Approach to Big Data Analytics

The introduction of Big Data sets in the healthcare domain has presented opportunities to engage in analytics of very large sets containing both structured and unstructured data. With advances in information technology (IT), these data sets have become available from diverse sources at greatly increased rates. The availability of Big Data sets has introduced complexities that we must address, not only in terms of semantics and analytics but also in terms of data management, storage, and distribution. Currently, the capabilities to ingest, analyze, and manage multipetabyte data sets have underscored the limitations of our analytics capabilities supported by relational database management systems. This essay argues that an ontology‐based approach to data analytics provides a practical framework to address the semantic challenges presented by Big Data sets. No ontological framework can address the operational and management requirements introduced by the availability of Big Data sets, however. There are also a number of IT architectural factors that must be considered in implementing such a framework.     

The Anatomy of a Pipe Bomb Explosion: Measuring the Mass and Velocity Distributions of Container Fragments

Improvised explosive devices such as pipe bombs are prevalent due to the availability of materials and ease of construction. However, little is known about how these devices actually explode, as few attempts to characterize fragmentation patterns have been attempted. In this study, seven devices composed of various pipe materials (PVC, black steel, and galvanized steel) and two energetic fillers (Pyrodex and Alliant Red Dot) were initiated and the explosions captured using high‐speed videography. The video footage was used to calculate fragment velocities, which were represented as particle velocity vector maps. In addition, the fragments were weighed. The results demonstrate a correlation between the type of energetic filler and both the size and velocity of the fragments. Larger fragments were produced by Pyrodex filler indicating a less complete fragmentation, compared with smaller fragments produced by double‐base smokeless powder. Additionally, higher fragment velocities were seen with Alliant Red Dot filler.     

Distribution of Venlafaxine,O‐desmethylvenlafaxine,and O‐desmethylvenlafaxine to Venlafaxine Ratio in Postmortem Human Brain Tissue

Venlafaxine (VEN) and its metabolite O‐desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV) inhibit reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. This study examines whether VEN is differentially distributed in postmortem brain and examines relationships between brain and femoral blood concentrations from donors prescribed VEN for treatment of depression. Using high‐pressure liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection, VEN and ODV concentrations were measured in temporal, occipital, and cerebellar cortex of six postmortem brains. The ODV/VEN ratio was calculated as a relative measure of drug metabolism within each region where higher ratios indicated a greater conversion of VEN to ODV. Compared to the other regions examined, the cerebellum showed decreased VEN (p = 0.056), ODV (p = 0.006), and ODV/VEN (p = 0.027) ratios. In parts per million, VEN was higher in temporal and occipital cortex, but not cerebellum, as compared to femoral blood concentration. These observations suggest that VEN and ODV are differentially distributed in the brain, and metabolism of VEN to ODV may vary across brain regions.     

山西省大力发展高附加值加工业的思考

山西转变经济发展方式、调整优化产业结构的着力点应放在发展高附加值加工业上。由于加工业还没有充分体现出我省的资源优势，结构层次较低、生产规模较小，因此，要做大做强我省加工业，重点应按照比较优势和市场需求，统筹规划核心资源，着力培育品牌产品，确立产业组织形式，同时，要不断改革体制机制，增强加工业发展的动力。     

高技术战争中政治工作同军事行动合成指挥初探

政治工作同军事行动合成指挥是打赢未来高技术局部战争的必然要求。其一般标准和要求是：坚持作战目标的一致性，指挥步骤的联动性，谋划运筹的共时性，指挥内容的渗透性，力量投入的合力性，决策运行的民主性和指挥机制的开放性。政治工作同军事行动合成指挥的实现，须注重借鉴军事指挥方式实施政治指挥，充分运用自动化指挥系统实现军政指挥的智能合成，尽可能采取军政一体化形式下达指挥文书，坚持从难从严从实战需要出发加强平时的军政合成演练     

论中小学生违法犯罪的学校原因及其预防

一直以来,学校教育在引导未成年学生时,尚存在空白或不完善的方面。贯彻执行教育方针不力;对差生简单粗暴,处理不当;对"好学生"的管理和教育存在偏差;管理中还存在不少漏洞等成为当前学校环境中引起中小学生违法犯罪的重要原因。在预防中小学生违法犯罪中,学校教育承担着不可缺少的重要作用。学校应该从素质教育的角度来加强未成年人违法犯罪预防工作。把德育放在学校素质教育的首位;加强对学生的法制教育;性教育课进课堂;将心理教育和辅导摆上重要位置;加强工读学校改革和建设是学校在预防中小学生违法犯罪中应该采取的重要举措。     

从"睦邻"到"睦邻、安邻、富邻"——试析中国周边外交政策的转变

改革开放以来,中国的周边外交政策经历了一个从“睦邻”到“睦邻、安邻、富邻”的转变。本文认为中国传统“睦邻”外交政策的着眼点在于确立中国与其周边国家的平等关系,而“睦邻、安邻、富邻”外交政策的提出表明中国开始将实现同周边国家的共同安全和共同繁荣确定为自己的努力方向。中国对周边外交政策的转变是在她不断协调同外部世界关系的过程中实现的,因而“睦邻、安邻、富邻”的政策是“中国的既定方针”。