高效液相色谱-质谱法测定人尿液中乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷

目的建立高效液相色谱-质谱法测定人尿液中乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷。方法取空白人尿液加入EtG-D5内标工作液和冷甲醇（4℃）,经涡旋、离心,取上清液于水浴氮气吹干,以沉淀杂质,采用Agilent Zorbax Bonus-RP色谱柱分离,以乙腈∶0.1%甲酸水溶液（5∶95）为流动相,采用负离子模式质谱检测,在选择离子监测模式下进行定性和定量测定。结果尿液中EtG在50～5 000ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,检出限为18ng/mL,方法回收率为90.2%～101.7%,相对标准偏差小于10%。结论所建方法简便,具有较高的回收率和精密度,适用于尿液中EtG的检测。     

An Anthropological Examination of the Types of Skeletal Fractures Resulting from Fatal High (˃3 m) Free Falls,

Fatal falls from heights (?3 m) often result in blunt force trauma (BFT) to the skeleton. The fracture patterns that result from this BFT mechanism are well understood in forensic anthropology and forensic pathology; however, details of the specific types of fractures that result remain poorly documented. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed examination of the types of fractures that may result from fatal high falls. Fractures were recorded from 95 full‐body postmortem computed tomography scans of individuals known to have died from a high fall. Trauma was then analyzed taking into account the extrinsic and intrinsic variables known to influence a fall using multiple logistic regression. A total of 339 types of fractures were classified, of which 16 were significantly associated with this BFT mechanism. Classified fracture types will augment anthropological interpretations of the circumstances of death from BFT in cases of suspected high falls.     

A Fatal Case of Poisoning with Fentanyl Transdermal Patches in Japan

Fentanyl transdermal patches have been used to treat cancer‐ and noncancer‐related chronic pain. However, its inappropriate or illegal application may cause fatal poisoning. We herein present the case of a Japanese woman in her 40s who was found dead with seven 25‐μg/h fentanyl transdermal patches on her body. We established a detailed toxicological analysis procedure to quantify fentanyl, and its metabolite norfentanyl, and other drugs (acetaminophen, allylisopropylacetylurea, celecoxib, estazolam, promethazine, and sertraline) in human whole blood by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The measured fentanyl and norfentanyl concentrations in the femoral and cardiac blood were 0.051 and 0.072 μg/mL and 0.033 and 0.076 μg/mL, respectively. The decedent's fentanyl concentrations were consistent with previously reported postmortem blood levels for fatal cases of poisoning by fentanyl transdermal patches. Based on the decedent's case history, autopsy findings, and toxicological analyses, the cause of death was identified as intoxication with transdermal fentanyl.     

高频超声检查在周围神经损伤鉴定中的应用价值

目的探讨高频超声检查在周围神经损伤鉴定中应用的价值。方法收集38例锐器伤、钝挫伤、骨折及撞击造成的单侧肢体外伤病例,应用东芝Aplio 500型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪进行高频超声检查,将其特征性表现与30例正常周围神经的高频超声图表现进行对比分析。结果经高频超声检查,确诊38例周围神经损伤中发生于颈部5例、下肢5例,上肢27例(肘部以上3例、以下24例)。损伤类型包括卡压性损伤8例、创伤性神经瘤28例、神经完全断裂2例。特征性表现为:卡压性损伤神经受压处变细,近端神经节段性增粗;创伤性神经瘤与神经干相连的梭形增粗段,增粗段神经外膜的线性强回声中断,内部回声紊乱;神经完全断裂表现为神经外膜强回声线与神经纤维低回声束完全中断,断端两侧均呈梭形瘤样改变。结论高频超声能够明确周围神经损伤类型及发生节段,可为法医学人体损伤程度鉴定提供有价值的参考依据。     

公共性视野中中小学教师法律地位探讨

公共性是研究中小学教师法律地位的一个基本视角。在公共性视野中,中小学教师法律地位应该定位为国家公务员,这不仅有利于教育的发展,也有利于保障中小学教师的合法权益。从教育的公共性出发,把中小学教师的法律地位定位为国家公务员在现阶段应该采取必要的措施,并处理好一些问题。     

Identification of furosemide in hair in a post‐mortem case by UHPLC‐MS/MS with guidance on interpretation

Testing for drugs in hair raises several difficulties. Among them is the interpretation of the final concentration(s). In a post‐mortem case, analyses revealed the presence of furosemide (12 ng/mL) in femoral blood, although it was not part of the victim's treatment. The prosecutor requested our laboratory to undertake an additional analysis in hair to obtain information about the use of furosemide. A specific method was therefore developed and validated to identify and quantify furosemide in hair by UHPLC‐MS/MS. After decontamination of 30 mg of hair, incubation in acidic condition, extraction with ethyl acetate, the samples were analyzed by UHPLC‐MS/MS. Furosemide was found in the victim's hair at 225 pg/mg. However, it was not possible to interpret this concentration due to the absence of data in the literature. Therefore, the authors performed a controlled study in two parts. In order to establish the basis of interpretation, several volunteers were tested (four after a single 20 mg administration and twenty‐four under daily treatment). The first part indicated that a single dose is not detectable in hair using our method. The second part demonstrated concentrations ranging from 5 to 1110 pg/mg with no correlation between dosage and hair concentrations. The decedent's hair result was interpreted as repeated exposures. In the case of furosemide analysis, hair can provide information about its presence but cannot give information about dosage or frequency of use.     

对企业工会干部精干高效问题的探索

随着改革开放的进一步深化和社会主义市场经济的快速发展,中国工会面临着越来越多的新情况、新问题。企业工会干部配备要求精干高效,这既是经济体制改革的必然,也是同国际工运接轨的需要。本文结合金温铁路公司工会的实践,从干部尽职尽责、广大会员积极参与、制订完善规章制度、发挥体制与人力资源的作用等方面入手,对如何实现工会干部精干高效的问题,进行研究与探索。     

浅谈学分制条件下学籍管理的改革

随着科学技术不断发展,实现和完善学分制并同时进行学籍管理改革,是高校教学改革的主要内容;学籍管理目前存在问题,探讨学分制条件下学籍管理改革,对高校学籍管理逐步科学化、简便化、规范化具有现实意义。     

不同炮制方法对附子生物碱类成分的影响

目的 采用高效液相色谱法分析附子不同炮制品中6个生物碱的含量,研究炮制方法对附子中生物碱类成分的影响。方法 采用Waters sunfire C18色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流速0.8 ml/min,柱温30 ℃,检测波长235 nm,流动相乙腈-四氢呋喃(25∶15)和0.1 mol/L醋酸铵溶液(每1 000 ml加冰醋酸0.5 ml),梯度洗脱。结果 各成分分离度良好。在相应浓度范围内6个生物碱的线性关系良好（r＞0.999 1）;精密度相对标准偏差＜0.44％;加样回收率为95.1％～105.0％。结论 该方法快速、准确,适用于附子不同炮制品6种生物碱成分的定量分析。药典法和蒸制法、炒制法都能有效地降低毒性较大的双酯型生物碱类含量,而蒸制法和炒制法又能增加毒性小、疗效高的单酯型生物碱类含量,达到炮制减毒增效的目的。     

浅谈高铁安保工作中保安力量的管理和使用

高速铁路的护路保安队伍是高铁安全保障体系中的一支重要力量。为更好地发挥这支队伍的作用,铁路公安机关应十分注重保安员综合素质的提高,切实加强信息保障和后勤保障,着力完善人员招录机制、奖惩激励机制和日常管理机制。