Courage,regulatory responsibility,and the challenge of higher‐order reflexivity

Contemporary regulators must respond to ever‐increasing societal demands in various domains. Regulators must cope with these demands under conditions of extreme epistemic scarcity and ideological divide. This leaves regulators perplexed about what action they should take. Regulatory praxis offers two primary responses to this moral and epistemic dilemma: technical canonization and reflexive regulation. While these two approaches represent contrary regulatory philosophies, they suffer from two common blind spots: (a) disregard of the critical role of discretionary judgment in regulatory action; and (b) disregard of the dilemma of higher‐order reflexivity. The article explores the idea of higher‐order reflexivity in the regulatory context. This exploration renders visible the abysses that are faced by regulators as they attempt to resolve regulatory dilemmas through a cognizant and introspective process. The article argues that the Socratic concept of courage and the idea of forward‐looking responsibility provide a plausible framework for thinking about the challenge of regulatory judgment. It concludes with a discussion of the legal and institutional mechanisms that could both facilitate and put to scrutiny the realization of this ideal (but noting also several features of the contemporary regulatory system which constitute potential barriers).     

论外资银行风险监管的相关问题与完善

近年来,随着我国加入WTO和国际金融市场的竞争日趋激烈,越来越多的外资银行融入了逐渐开放的我国金融市场,但是外资银行在拉动我国经济快速增长的同时,也带来了一系列的风险与挑战。应采取措施改进监管,加快立法步伐,逐步健全监管法律体系;对外资银行的经营过程进行必要的限制和监管;加强对外资银行的外部审计和并表监督。     

浅析高职院校校园网络建设

校园文化是构成高职院校精神文明建设的重要组成部分,而网络的兴起,对高职院校的文化资源建设和管理提出了新的挑战。和谐稳定的网络文化代表着一个学校的精神风貌,更影响着学校的文化氛围,对学生的学习、生活,甚至是人生导向都有着决定性的作用。如何引导学生认知网络,使用网络,建设网络,是高职院校构建网络文化的基本策略和重点需求。     

论地方金融监管法律规制的完善——以《温州民间金融管理条例》为借鉴

目前,我国地方金融监管的法律制度尚不完善,存在地方金融管理重复与真空并存、地方金融管理部门权责不对等、职能定位与市场定位有偏差等问题。其原因主要在于相关法律制度的缺失。完善地方金融监管法律制度可以借鉴温州政府的《温州民间金融管理条例》,通过确立监管理念、监管主体以及具体制度的构架等建立起地方金融监管法律体系,以促进地方金融监管的法治化、规范化。     

Protecting digital identity in the cloud: Regulating cross border data disclosure

Widespread use of cloud computing and other off-shore hosting and processing arrangements make regulation of cross border data one of the most significant issues for regulators around the world. Cloud computing has made data storage and access cost effective but it has changed the nature of cross border data. Now data does not have to be stored or processed in another country or transferred across a national border in the traditional sense, to be what we consider to be cross border data. Nevertheless, the notion of physical borders and transfers still pervades thinking on this subject. The European Commission (“EC”) is proposing a new global standard for data transfer to ensure a level of protection for data transferred out of the EU similar to that within the EU. This paper examines the two major international schemes regulating cross-border data, the EU approach and the US approach, and the new EC and US proposals for a global standard. These approaches which are all based on data transfer are contrasted with the new Australian approach which regulates disclosure. The relative merits of the EU, US and Australian approaches are examined in the context of digital identity, rather than just data privacy which is the usual focus, because of the growing significance of digital identity, especially to an individual's ability to be recognized and to transact. The set of information required for transactions which invariably consists of full name, date of birth, gender and a piece of what is referred to as identifying information, has specific functions which transform it from mere information. As is explained in this article, as a set, it literally enables the system to transact. For this reason, it is the most important, and most vulnerable, part of digital identity. Yet while it is deserving of most protection, its significance has been largely under-appreciated. This article considers the issues posed by cross border data regulation in the context of cloud computing, with a focus on transaction identity and the other personal information which make up an individual's digital identity. The author argues that the growing commercial and legal importance of digital identity and its inherent vulnerabilities mandate the need for its more effective protection which is provided by regulation of disclosure, not just transfer.     

观念变迁如何影响经济增长———比较历史视野下的经济转型动因探源

从文化或价值观念的角度探寻经济增长的动因是马克斯·韦伯提出的经典研究范式。然而,新制度经济学的崛起逐渐遮蔽了此范式的研究进展,诺斯等学者建立的产权制度理论不仅在理论上占据了主流,而且成为许多后发转型国家促进经济增长的政策实践。本文试图跳出对制度范式的盲目信从,以比较历史的视野梳理和探寻了经济转型的精神动因,并尝试以此视角来解释当代中国的经济转型。     

Crime prevention cooperation in Sweden: a regional case study

In crime prevention, local cooperation and networks have recently become central organizing principles and concepts, especially in Nordic countries such as Sweden. This article explores cooperation in Swedish crime prevention by examining a local example, the regional network Regbrå. Regbrå aims to increase knowledge about crime prevention through cooperation and to support local crime prevention efforts by the municipalities in Östergötland County. Regbrå has promoted many universal (primary), selective (secondary), and indicated (tertiary) crime prevention mechanisms. The Regbrå case also merits attention because of its strong links with a local university and higher education. Some shortcomings and problems also emerge in the analysis, such as the possibility that cooperation becomes an end to itself, detached from verified crime reduction effects. The analysis draws on a study of the Regbrå network, including interviews with qualitative experts (N = 10) and a survey sent to involved municipalities (N = 13).     

美国基金会发展现状及管理制度的考察与借鉴

社会发展与建设有其客观规律,社会组织发展与建设也有其客观规律。本文以美国基金会为侧重点,介绍了其发展现状和管理制度,以及放松管制和加强监管的案例,并在发挥社会组织主体作用、强化财税政策引导、加强公信力建设和能力建设等方面对我国加强社会组织建设提出若干建议。     

互联网时代高校“两课”教育面临的机遇和挑战

互联网的迅速发展改变着人们的生活、学习、工作与思维方式,也给高校教育产生巨大的冲击.文章从分析互联网社会的特点出发,阐述其对高校"两课"教育带来的机遇与挑战.     

高等职业院校教师科研评价体系研究——以辽宁省为例

文章主要通过访谈法、观察法、文献阅读法等研究方法,分析了高等职业院校科研评价体系的内涵,并且通过对辽宁省部分高等职业院校的科研评价体系进行调研与比较研究,得出辽宁省高职院校教师科研评价体系存在的问题,并提出了进一步完善高职院校教师科研评价体系的建议。