论监禁刑执行变更检察监督制度的程序完善路径

由于我国现行的监禁刑执行变更程序是一种司法审批程序,导致了检察监督权的有效行使没有可行程序加以保障。强化检察监督实效,就应当改造现行的司法审批程序,而改造司法审批程序,就是要构建起一个内置于监禁刑执行变更程序内的检察监督的新程序。通过监禁刑执行变更程序的模式比较,以及对程序中利益冲突的分析可以看出,构造类似诉讼的监禁刑执行变更程序的三角稳定架构,是保证各利益代表方都能有效参与到类讼程序的核心。     

人体死亡后血液中生化指标的变化

目的测定人体死亡后血液中生化指标的变化并进行分析。方法收集81例交通事故死亡后尸体锁骨下静脉血样,并采用罗氏cobasc311全自动生化分析仪检测血液中肝功能（ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL）、肾功能（UA、Cr）、心功能（CK、CK—MB、LDH）、电解质（K＋、Na＋、Cl-）以及葡萄糖（GLU）13项生化指标的变化,采用SPSS17．0统计学软件进行描述性分析。结果生化指标中ALT、AST、CK、CK—MB、LDH、D数值较活体正常参考值高、波动幅度较大。TBIL、DBIL、UA、Cr、Na＋、Cl-、GLU数值相对稳定、波动幅度较小。结论人体死亡后血液生化指标中肝功能、肾功能、心功能、电解质以及葡萄糖等指标易受溶血、自溶等因素影响,表现为生化指标升高明显,尤以酶类为著,且标准差较大。     

“诱致性”效应与制度优化——基于豫北L市实施新型农村合作医疗制度的实例

新型农村合作医疗制度自2003年试点以来,农村参合人数稳步增长,参合率不断提高。豫北L市在推进新农合过程中取得了可喜的成绩,呈现出先抑后扬的发展态势。认真分析其变化的特点、原因不难发现,新农合制度作为一项惠农政策,本身具有诱致性特征,其落实成效与制度环境、制度运行、制度对象的实际情况有着极为密切的关系。在新农合广受欢迎的现阶段,制度自身存在的一些深层次问题还有待进一步解决,应推动该制度不断优化和完善。     

毛泽东对中国社会主义事业的历史性贡献

把中国的民主革命引向社会主义的前途,并在基本条件具备的情况下,使之成为现实的社会制度,这是毛泽东对中国社会主义事业的一大历史性贡献。在如何建设社会主义的问题上,毛泽东提出进行马列主义同中国实际的第二次结合的历史性任务,努力探索一条适合中国国情的社会主义建设道路。在全国执政条件下能否找到一条保证党和人民政权纯洁性的有效途径,是毛泽东为之不懈努力和探索的一个重大的理论和实践问题。     

Weight References for Burned Human Skeletal Remains from Portuguese Samples

Weight is often one of the few recoverable data when analyzing human cremains but references are still rare, especially for European populations. Mean weights for skeletal remains were thus documented for Portuguese modern cremations of both recently deceased individuals and dry skeletons, and the effect of age, sex, and the intensity of combustion was investigated using both multivariate and univariate statistics. The cremains from fresh cadavers were significantly heavier than the ones from dry skeletons regardless of sex and age cohort (p < 0.001 to p = 0.003). As expected, males were heavier than females and age had a powerful effect in female skeletal weight. The effect of the intensity of combustion in cremains weight was unclear. These weight references may, in some cases, help estimating the minimum number of individuals, the completeness of the skeletal assemblage, and the sex of an unknown individual.     

Gorr on actus reus

Advances in forensic techniques have expanded the temporal horizon of criminal investigations, facilitating investigation of historic crimes that would previously have been considered unsolvable. Public enthusiasm for pursuing historic crimes is exemplified by recent high-profile trials of celebrities accused of historic sexual offences. These circumstances give new urgency to the question of how we should decide which historic offences to investigate. A satisfactory answer must take into account the ways in which the passage of time can erode the benefits of criminal investigation, the costs associated with investigating old crimes, and the need to prioritize investigations in the face of limited police resources. This article emphasizes the first of these factors. It begins by considering the moral goals of a criminal justice system and the contribution of criminal investigations to the achievement of these goals, distinguishing between contributions that depend on further steps in the criminal justice process, such as prosecution and punishment, and contributions that can have value independently of these further steps. Using this important distinction, the article then examines a range of factors that relate the passage of time to criminal justice goals, including the seriousness of the crime; deterioration of evidence; death of the offender, victim and others affected by the crime; and diminished psychological connectedness between those affected by the crime and their current selves. While the range and non-uniformity of relevant factors preclude a simple answer to the question of when historic crimes should be investigated and call instead for case-by-case assessment, we find that the analysis does support some general conclusions that can guide such an assessment.     

Measurement of Postmortem Pupil Size: A New Method with Excellent Reliability and Its Application to Pupil Changes in the Early Postmortem Period

Measurement of postmortem pupil width is a potential component of death time estimation. However, no standardized measurement method has been described. We analyzed a total of 71 digital images for pupil–iris ratio using the software ImageJ. Images were analyzed three times by four different examiners. In addition, serial images from 10 cases were taken between 2 and 50 h postmortem to detect spontaneous pupil changes. Intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability of the method was excellent (ICC > 0.95). The method is observer independent and yields consistent results, and images can be digitally stored and re‐evaluated. The method seems highly eligible for forensic and scientific purposes. While statistical analysis of spontaneous pupil changes revealed a significant polynomial of quartic degree for postmortem time (p = 0.001), an obvious pattern was not detected. These results do not indicate suitability of spontaneous pupil changes for forensic death time estimation, as formerly suggested.     

19世纪民族地方志描述视角的变迁--以乾隆、道光、光绪本《凤凰厅志》比较研究为例

19世纪,是中南、西南许多少数民族接受流官统治100余年之后的一个世纪,也是少数民族调整文化结构、迎接新世纪挑战的一个世纪.在这很关键的一个世纪中,这些流官(中央派来的社会精英群体)将把少数民族导向何方?本文通过对19世纪民族地方志描述视角变迁的叙述,试图从一个侧面为这个问题提供一些答案.     

交易中的物权归属确定

一般认为的确权案件仅指相邻疆界争议或者权属历史不清的案件 ,而非现实交易中的物权确定案件。但因交易产生的物权确定案件才对国计民生具有重要意义 ,而我国过去的立法和以及法理在这方面却相当混乱。应当否定以合同确权的做法 ,因为合同只是债权变动的根据 ,其效力不足以发生物权变动的效果 ;仅仅依据不动产登记确定不动产物权具有有限性 ,应该按照物权的意思表示确定其权利归属。