A Study of the Impact of Business Traditions on Enterpreneurship：Inheritance Mechanisms and Empirical Checks

In the current background of a new economy normal, this paper studies modern entrepreneurship determinants from the perspective of the historical origins, which not only helps explain regional differences of the Chinese entrepreneurial activities in theory, but also provides new clues for the current economic growth. The paper conducts an empirical study about the impact mechanism of cultural traditions of the business as historical factors on the entrepreneurship based on the Chinese provincial-level unbalanced panel data. Empirical research shows that, in areas with richer business cultural traditions, it is more conducive to cultivate and propagate the modern entrepreneurship of innovation or venture, namely the inheritance and nurture of modern entrepreneurship has a clear path-dependent characteristic. In order to weaken the endogenous problem that may affect the estimation results, this paper uses commercial loans and the literacy rate as instrumental variables of cultural traditions of the business, and the estimation results once again confirm the above conclusion.     

建党90年来中国共产党处理党派关系的历史经验总结

建党90年来,中国共产党积累了处理党派关系的丰富经验:要以开放的态度广泛与国内外各类政党接触,不断扩大党的影响力;要建立统一战线并坚持对统一战线的领导权;要以自身建设带动其他党派的建设,积极发挥民主党派的积极作用;要建立健全共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度,不断提高政党政治的制度化水平。     

Political transformation in Japan as a source of insight

Abstract

This article is based on the assumption that the Japanese political system is fully comparable with the systems of other major systems, and that its analysis may afford useful insights for the understanding of political systems more generally. Its focus is upon five successive transformations of the system since the late nineteenth century that, in sequence and taken together, have created the present system. These are: (1) the revolutionary changes of the Meiji period (1868–1912), leading to modernisation, militarism, and ultimate defeat in war; (2) occupation, democracy, economic resurgence and single-party dominance (1945–1990); (3) low growth, electoral reform and neo-liberalism (1991–2006); (4) Liberal Democratic Party decline and the opposition in power (2006–2012); and (5) authoritarian leadership with weak opposition (2012 onwards). The article concludes with a discussion of three issues: (1) ambiguous aspects of strong leadership; (2) the chronic weakness of Japanese political opposition and its implications for democracy; and (3) the significance of radical transformations for the understanding of a political system.     

Changing Hydropolitical Relations in the Nile Basin: A Protracted Transition

A new hydro-political order is emerging in the Nile Basin. Upstream riparian states have improved their bargaining power vis-à-vis downstream countries by adopting a common position in the negotiations over a new framework agreement to govern the utilisation of the Nile waters. Some upstream riparians have unilaterally constructed hydraulic projects that threaten Egypt’s hegemonic position in the basin, the most notable of which is the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Whether these developments will lead to a more equitable utilisation of water resources and a more cooperative order will depend on the policies of the riparian states, especially in the Eastern Nile. Respect of the Declaration of Principles on the GERD signed between Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan could help build trust between the three countries after years of tensions around the project. Beyond that, a basin-wide plan for the utilisation of water resources would not only maximise the benefits from the river and address the common challenges facing the basin, but also reduce the political costs of tensions on future projects.     

学校文化建设的第三种途径:主动创生

学校文化建设有三种途径:理性思辨、历史叙事、主动创生。相比之下,第三种途径值得开拓,进而成为学校文化建设的根本途径。学校文化与学校现实生活的隔阂见证着主动创生学校文化的必要性,文化本身就具有的主体性昭示着主动创生学校文化的可能性,学校教育活动的人为性彰显出第三种途径的可行性,即通过创造性地改进日常教育活动而主动创生学校文化。     

中国共产党妇女工作的历史经验与当代走向

妇女工作是党的群团工作的重要领域，是中国共产党的一大创举，也是一大优势，总结梳理党在革命、建设、改革各个历史时期开展妇女工作的宝贵经验和主要成就，可为在新形势下中国共产党与时俱进地开展妇女工作，巩固党执政的阶级基础和群众基础，保证党与妇女群众同呼吸、共命运提供可资借鉴的经验。     

论建国以来党领导社会主义道德建设的历史经验

在马克思主义道德建设思想的指导下,建国后党领导社会主义道德建设经历了一个复杂的历史进程,并形成了党领导社会主义道德建设的基本规律和基本经验.     

著作权文化转型与微观历史研究方法

著作权制度在后现代转型中不断受到各种源自对于著作权文化认识差异而导致的诘问。但是，目前的主流研究方法却一味的强调著作权制度的现代性和客体性，而忽视对于这一新兴法律制度的深入的历史研究，难以回应那些挑战其本体意义的质疑。而从微观的角度出发研究著作权的历史，似乎能更清楚地明晰著作权制度的本体价值。“小历史”的研究方法应当被知识产权研究的学者更加重视。     

马克思恩格斯对社会自然历史过程的揭示

马克思主义哲学揭示了社会的运动是一个自然历史过程。这一揭示是通过马克思主义哲学区别 于一切旧哲学的物质概念,通过对人的本质的不同于旧哲学的理解,通过对辩证法、逻辑与历史统一 的方法的运用而实现的。     

新时期农会:制度回归抑或重建

党的十六大报告提出了农民组织化问题,使本来已经倍受关注的农会重建问题更加升温.农民协会要成为真正意义上的农民组织,一定要坚持自主性、自愿性和自发性原则.农会的建设首先应遵循自下而上、先点后面的组建原则;其次,国家应该给予以法律方面的保障与规范.为了防止走偏我们要先试点后推广,特别是农会建立之初要以法律的制度化开始,否则,不仅保护不了公民的基本权利,还可能会引起社会的波动.