日本社会对华心态析论

中日关系被认为是中国与20多个邻国中最重要的双边关系之一.尽管中日关系大体上是好的,但是两国之间仍然存在着许多不容忽视的矛盾.为此,本文从中日双方角度对两者之间矛盾的表现及其原因进行分析,进而分析日本失衡的民族心态与当前日本消极民族主义的郁结.在此基础上,作者认为在当前的国际形势下,在如何处理中日矛盾问题上,除了事关两国政治基础的历史问题和台湾问题之外,对于双方之间不断涌现的具体摩擦,我们应该继续坚持"韬光养晦"的原则,一切服从于国家"全面实现小康社会"发展战略的大局.     

Performative Translation Options Under The Soviet Regime

Translations must be read in their immediate social context in order to understand their performative meaning. The Soviet period in Estonia featured censored and self-censored public writing, whereas cultural discourse that doubted the hegemonic ideology could be conducted primarily through translation. This reality renders significant the selective differences between translators on both the metatextual and textual levels. The topic of this article is the translations of Enn Soosaar (1937–2010), a writer keenly aware of the value of his translations as weapons of communication trained on their environment.     

日本民间非营利组织的发展现状、法律环境及社会贡献

自20世纪90年代中期以来,随着日本政治和社会环境的改变,日本政府以“小政府、大社会”为目标,转变了社会管理职能,将很多职能移交给民间非营利组织,使这些组织进入快速发展阶段.尤其1998年《日本特定非营利活动促进法(NPO法)》的制定及颁布,从法律层面上规范了民间非营利组织的运行环境,使非营利组织所关注的社会领域不断拓宽,其社会贡献越来越重要.那些活跃在国外的民间非营利组织通过民间外交及社会教育活动提升了国际影响力,而在国内从事环境保护、社会福利的民间非营利组织则通过社会公益活动,增强了国民凝聚力.日本民间非营利组织的蓬勃发展越来越成为日本提升国家软实力的重要途径.     

试论技术入股股东的权利、义务与法律责任

技术出资方式迥然不同于货币、实物、土地使用权等出资方式,技术入股股东不仅具有其他股东的权利、义务与法律责任,而且还具有自己的特殊权利、特殊义务与特殊法律责任。从技术入股角度出发,《中华人民共和国公司法》有关股东权利、义务与法律责任的规定需要充实。     

期待可能性问题研究

期待可能性理论产生于德国,其形成是心理责任论向规范责任论转变的历史过程。应该承认狭义的期待可能性概念,期待可能性的征表只能是外部情形的异常性。期待可能性不是主观的事实性存在,而是责任之规范要素。应站在行为人的立场上设身处地考虑其作出意志选择的可能性,因而以行为人标准作为期待可能性的判断标准,是正确的。期待可能性错误既包括法律错误,也包括事实错误,是一种独立的错误类型。责任,无论是故意还是过失,都是心理事实与规范评价的统一,责任的故意分为违法性认识与违法性意志,其中违法性意志就是一个期待可能性的判断问题。所以,期待可能性是一种积极的责任要素。     

对20世纪50年代中国宪法学基本范畴的分析与反思

一门学科的生命力首先表现在基本范畴与学术规范的确立。宪法学作为研究宪法现象的知识体系,应确立表明其独立学科地位的范畴与学术话语。中国宪法学发展正处于社会转型期,需要认真反思5 0年来宪法学范畴发展的历史过程,以中国社会的发展为背景,建构中国宪法学基本范畴。     

REDEMPTION IN THE PRESENCE OF WIDESPREAD CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECKS*

Criminal background checks have now become ubiquitous because of advances in information technology and growing concerns about employer liability. Also, a large number of individual criminal records have accumulated and have been computerized in state repositories and commercial databases. As a result, many ex‐offenders seeking employment could be haunted by a stale record. Recidivism probability declines with time “clean,” so some point in time is reached when a person with a criminal record, who remained free of further contact with the criminal justice system, is of no greater risk than a counterpart of the same age—an indication of redemption from the mark of crime. Very little information exists on this measure of time until redemption and on how its value varies with the crime type and the offender's age at the time of the earlier event. Using data from a state criminal‐history repository, we estimate the declining hazard of rearrest with time clean. We first estimate a point of redemption as the time when the hazard intersects the age–crime curve, which represents the arrest risk for the general population of the same age. We also estimate another similar redemption point when the declining hazard comes “sufficiently close” to the hazard of those who have never been arrested. We estimate both measures of redemption as a function of the age and the crime type of the earlier arrest. These findings aid in the development of guidelines for the users of background checking and in developing regulations to enhance employment opportunities for ex‐offenders.     

In Search of the Responsible Subject: History, Philosophy and Social Sciences in Criminal Law Theory

This paper examines the way in which English criminal law's conception of responsibility has changed since the eighteenth century, and explores the relationship between changes in legal framework, changes in processes of criminalisation and punishment, and broader social, political and economic changes. It argues that the development of ideas of individual responsibility for crime are responses to problems of co-ordination and legitimation faced by systems of criminal law, and that these problems can be expected to change according to the environment in which the system operates, with important factors including the distribution of political interests and economic power; the prevailing cultural and intellectual environment; the organisation and status of relevant professional groups and the vigour of alternative means of social ordering. Substantively, the paper explores the hypothesis that criminal responsibility has shifted from a conception founded in ideas of character to a capacity-based conception over the relevant period. Methodologically, the aim is to historicise the structure as well as the content of criminal law within a socio-theoretic framework, constructing a dialogue between criminal law theory of a doctrinal and philosophical temper and socio-historical studies of criminal justice.     

龙勃罗梭在中国——一个犯罪学史的考察

龙勃罗梭及其学说在中国之命运变迁,是中国犯罪学发展历程的一个缩影.中国犯罪学以译介龙勃罗梭著作和理论为开端,其夭折也以批判和否定龙勃罗梭及其学说为先导,而其再生与发展同样是以对龙勃罗梭的肯定和客观评价为重要标志.因为龙勃罗梭,犯罪学始成为科学.遗憾的是尽管龙勃罗梭的学说传入中国已逾百年,但是当代中国犯罪学总体仍然处于形...     

论侦查客观化——关于三大诉讼模式的历史解读及侦查拟像的理性构想

司法制度经历了弹劾式、纠问式和辩论式诉讼模式，各个模式都有其相应特点，而其内核则是刑事司法自觉或不自觉的客观化。侦查拟像是指由侦查主体拟制的犯罪事实图景，它是侦查主体依法凭借一定的方式方法对案件信息的挖掘重纽并最终形成的。根据拟像方法的不同，侦查拟像可以分为神示拟像、主体拟像和交叉拟像，而此三者体现了侦查拟像逐渐迈向客观化的趋势与诉求。而侦查拟像客观化有赖于侦查客观化，应该通过发展客观理性来引导对刑事法律、侦查制度和刑事科学技术等的完善，同时通过约束来逐渐消除主观的消极影响。以最终实现侦查客观化与和谐化。