系列杀人案件侦查对策研究

系列杀人案件具有严重的社会危害性,是公安机关侦查实践中打击和预防的重点。因此,从系列杀人案件形成的原因分析入手,结合系列杀人案件侦查实践,提出了包括并案侦查、专案专办、提升侦查人员能力水平、发动群众提供线索等在内的多种对策。     

商业贿赂犯罪态势及其惩防体系构建——以江苏为例

当前,商业贿赂作为具有动态意义的新型经济犯罪活动,其触角逐步伸入社会许多行业和领域,并呈现一系列新的特点和发展趋势。从江苏地区近几年查处的情况来看,此类犯罪案件具有重点领域高发、大案要案增多;犯罪主体多变、作案手法隐秘;群体犯罪加剧、期货性质凸显;职务犯罪突出、窝案串案交织等动态特点。同时表现出发案领域拓展、行业特征明显;组织程度提高、侵害对象模糊;关联犯罪增多、社会危害更烈等发展趋势。根据当前商贿犯罪的动态特点及发展趋势,应建构教育、制度、监督并重的防治商贿犯罪长效机制,从源头上防治商腐现象的滋生蔓延。     

新时代我国民族研究的发展动态、范式及展望

民族研究发展动态的厘析有助于及时掌握民族理论与实践以及民族学科外延的国内外进展,可以进一步了解民族研究的范式特征与发展趋势。基于2016-2018年866项国家社科基金"民族研究"立项项目样本的统计与归类分析,经研究发现,民族发展研究范式具有整体性、公认性和可模仿性三大特征。样本分析亦显示,新时代民族研究凸显出:融入新时代新思想与新理念、回应重大理论与现实问题、应用信息化治理模式常态化、增进民族人文价值关怀、加速学科交叉与冷门学科发展、注重本土研究与国际视野接轨的六大发展趋势。     

A Qualitative Assessment of Stress Perceptions Among Members of a Homicide Unit

Existing research on stress among police assumes the presence of uniform stressors across job roles and borrows upon generic stress instruments to tap stress types and levels. The present study draws upon interviews with 26 members of a metropolitan homicide unit to provide an inductive vantage point on stress perceptions within a specialized area of policing. We provide evidence that the occupational and organizational forms of stress detailed by these officers are shaped largely by the unique nature of homicide work. Among the unique task-related stressors observed include the complexities of homicide crime scenes, time pressures, cases assignment factors, paperwork demands, and long-term ownership over individual case files. A series of structural issues from both within and outside the police agency are identified as organizational stressors unique to homicide work. We conclude with a proposed theory of homicide investigator stress and implications for future research.     

我国暴力犯罪活动的趋势和对策

暴力犯罪在我国建国50年中,经历了由多到少和由少到多的过程,其变化主要受社会控制力强弱、青少年人口数量和比重、打击力度的大小等因素的影响.随着市场经济的逐步建立,这种犯罪的比重将有所下降,但图财性质的暴力犯罪在整个暴力犯罪中的比重会继续增加.对暴力犯罪的控制,尤其要贯彻打击与预防并重的方针.     

论系列杀人案件的信息披露工作

侦查工作的成败,很大程度上取决于案件信息占有量和信息利用程度。系列杀人案件的社会危害性大,侦查难度大,必须正确地串并案件,充分利用已掌握的信息,结合对犯罪嫌疑人进行的犯罪心理画像,通过适当的案件信息披露方式来发动群众协助破案,并警示群众自我防护。     

Sharp Force Homicide in Denmark 1992–2016

Sharp force trauma is a common homicide method. The weapon is typically a knife, which is easily accessible and does not require special skills. We have analyzed all 471 sharp force homicides in Denmark during 1992–2016 with special focus on aspects that are relevant to forensic pathologists, including the distribution of wounds and organ injuries. Most homicides were committed inside with a kitchen knife. The front left thorax was the most common area to be affected by sharp force trauma. In 18.9% of the victims, there was only one sharp injury, the majority on the thorax. The most common trajectory for stab wounds was directly posterior with no deviation to the sides or up/down followed by directly anterior. The heart (including pericardium) and lungs (including hemo- and pneumothorax) had injuries in more than 75% of the victims. 67% of victims were males. Female victims had more sharp force injuries and defense wounds than male victims. Most females were killed in domestic homicides (73.7%), most commonly in partner killings (56.4%). In contrast, many male victims were killed in a setting of nightlife/intoxication (34.0%) most by a friend/acquaintance delivering a few stab wounds. The results clearly show strong sex differences in both victims and offenders. This could be useful for shaping policies and public opinion, and as a route for understanding the developments in interpersonal violence. In the narrow setting of death investigation, our results will provide an evidence-based approach to understanding the injury patterns in sharp force homicide.     

Murder in Mexico: are journalists victims of general violence or targeted political violence?

Journalists in Mexico face hundreds of attacks each year, ranging from online harassment and physical intimidation to outright murder. The official narrative typically claims that murdered journalists are the victims of general criminal violence. This article finds that despite the rampant violence in Mexico, the murder of journalists cannot be attributed to the country’s general criminal violence problem alone. Instead, the evidence points to the targeting, and even political targeting of journalists. First, journalists are at a much higher risk of being murdered than the general population. Second, the divergence between homicide rates among the general population and among journalists varies considerably between Mexican states. While recent scholarship has shown that subnational governments can successfully remain authoritarian despite democratization at the central or federal level, this literature has largely ignored the use of political killings in subnational undemocratic regimes. This article attempts to understand the murder of journalists not just as a problem of criminal violence, but also of political violence, and thereby connects the findings to the existing scholarship on subnational authoritarianism.     

Implications of Genital Mutilation at Autopsy

Given the potential significance of mutilation of the external genitalia in medicolegal fatalities, a review of the literature was undertaken to identify subcategories. Such mutilations may have been sustained sometime before death, around the time of death, or after death. The most common type of ante mortem genital mutilations involves cultural practices such as male circumcision. Less common male mutilations such as subincisions are tribally based. Female genital mutilation is found particularly in African, Middle Eastern, or Asian populations. Self‐inflicted genital injuries are most common in males and may be related to attempts at suicide, or to self‐harming practices. The latter have a strong association with psychiatric illnesses. Postmortem injuries may arise from animal predation or deliberate mutilation of a corpse. The latter may be associated with ante mortem genital injuries in sadistic homicides. The range of possible causes of genital mutilations in forensic cases necessitates extremely careful evaluation.     

Licensed firearm dealers,legal compliance,and local homicide: A case study

Research summary

This study uses a combination of tract-level and street network-level analyses to examine: (1) the overall association between federally licensed firearm dealers (FFLs) and homicides, (2) the relationship between dealers with serious violations (such as selling to prohibited buyers or failing to record sales) and homicide, and (3) whether the dealer–homicide association is moderated by community disadvantage. Results replicate and confirm a relationship between dealers and homicides in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Importantly, however, we also find that proximity to noncompliant dealers specifically elevates the risk of lethal violence.

Policy implications

We detail how a coordinated effort between federal, state, and local agencies to regulate firearm dealers and ensure that legal compliance can be instrumental in reducing gun violence. There is a clear need for increased oversight of gun dealers and more robust policies that hold negligent dealers accountable, including the necessary funding and regulatory manpower to enable regular auditing and support consistent follow-up for noncompliant dealers. A comprehensive policy framework that supports supply-side gun violence reduction should include additions to state-level laws that require record keeping, videotaping and store security, and regular inspection for firearm dealers.