Atropine Eye Drops: An Unusual Homicidal Poisoning

In March 2009, the body of a 51‐year‐old man was found in the boot of his car. The body had been frozen before being dismembered at the abdomen. The autopsy failed to determine the cause of death. Systematic toxicological analyses of the victim's peripheral blood and urine showed the presence of atropine, a powerful anticholinergic. Atropine was therefore specifically detected and quantified throughout the victim's biologic samples by HPLC‐MS² in the biologic fluids and UHPLC‐MS² in the hair. The atropine concentrations were 887 ng/mL in the cardiac blood, 489 ng/mL in the peripheral blood, 6693 ng/mL in the gastric contents (1.1 μg), 6753 ng/mL in the urine, and 2290 pg/mg in the hair. The blood concentrations measured in the decedent were consistent with an overdose of atropine, which was determined as the cause of death. The manner of death was a homicide with criminal intent.     

精神分裂症患者病理性“正当防卫”行为的研究

目的探讨病理性防卫对精神分裂症患者凶杀行为的影响及相关犯罪学的特征。方法以61例具有病理性防卫行为的精神分裂症患者凶杀案为研究组,以73例无病理性防卫行为的精神分裂症患者凶杀案为对照组,采用犯罪学调查表进行调查分析。结果具有病理性防卫行为的精神分裂症患者凶杀案中幻觉（χ2=5.69,P〈0.05）及被害妄想（χ2=28.87,P〈0.01）多见;作案动机以病理动机突出（χ2=50.22,P〈0.01）,很少出现现实动机（χ2=15.57,P〈0.01）,案发时行为的紧迫性十分明显（χ2=63.17,P〈0.01）;刑事责任能力评定为无责任能力者明显多于对照组（χ2=16.12,P〈0.01）;疾病诊治情况,研究组未经诊治情况较多见（χ2=5.09,P〈0.05）。结论病理性防卫与正当防卫理论存在某些相同点,在具有病理性防卫行为的凶杀案中,借鉴正当防卫理论,对评定刑事责任能力具有一定的参考价值。     

Homicide by a Forensic Female Sample in Brazil: A Preliminary Study

The objective of the study was to evaluate the mental status of all women (n = 14) who were acquitted by reason of insanity of charges of murder or attempted murder and committed to a forensic psychiatric hospital in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. All cases were retrospectively examined, including medical files, technical records, and forensic experts' official reports. A conclusive psychiatric diagnosis was established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I and II Disorders and clinical and forensic records. The most common diagnosis was schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorders (n = 8; 57.3%). Most victims (n = 12; 75%) were close relatives of the patients. We found that 43% (n = 6) of the patients had a previous history of violent behavior. According to the initial psychiatric forensic evaluation, 5 patients (35.7%) had psychotic symptoms. It is expected that a growing understanding of motivational factors underlying homicidal behavior in mentally disturbed female offenders may further the implementation of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions.     

Autopsy Reenactment – A Useful Technique in the Evaluation of Adhesive Tape Asphyxia

A 19‐year‐old woman was found dead with her face and head wrapped in plastic adhesive tape in a cupboard beside an opened helium cylinder. Despite the alleged presence of a suicide message on a social networking website, the unusual circumstances raised the possibility at the time of autopsy of either accidental death from sexual asphyxia or homicide. A carefully monitored reenactment demonstrated, however, that the type of commercial adhesive tape that had been used did not cause complete airway obstruction and that it was possible to wrap a considerable length of tape around the head and neck with the breath held. All of the features at autopsy were, therefore, compatible with self‐infliction. Asphyxial death was attributed to the combined effects of smothering from tape and anoxia from helium, an extremely rare combination in young females.     

假币犯罪案件的特点及趋势

假币犯罪是国际公认的社会危害性严重的一种犯罪。假币犯罪只是司法实践中的一种习惯称谓,其概念并非法律明确加以规定的,而是学理上的一种概括。假币犯罪具有集团化、专业化,流动性强,犯罪地域广,手段多样以及反侦查能力强等特点。随着科技的发展、打击力度的增加、群众防范意识的增强,假币犯罪在我国主要呈现新的发展趋势。     

社会主义核心价值体系如何引领各种社会思潮

社会主义核心价值体系对各种社会思潮的引领需要把握社会意识和社会心理两个方面,着重于观念引领、制度引领、心理引领与生活引领;需要秉持尊重差异与包容多样的方针,循名责实,让社会主义的价值理想与生活方式具体化。     

故意杀人案件的主要特点及其讯问要领

故意杀人案件是一种严重危及人身安全的暴力性犯罪案件。该类案件呈现出案前多有预谋、现场留有丰富证据、因果关系较为明显、犯罪嫌疑人讯问中畏罪心理比较突出等特点。对故意杀人案件嫌疑人的讯问要遵循熟悉研究案情、采取恰当的突破方式、采取适当的讯问策略以及深挖犯罪的基本思路。同时,还应从犯罪事实和犯罪证据方面把握对故意杀人案件嫌疑人的讯问。     

日本女子高等教育机构的最新动态——基于五所女子高校的微观考察

日本的女子高等教育机构,是探讨日本高等教育机构的文化特征之际不可或缺的重要环节。步入21世纪以来,日本女子高等教育呈现出新的发展趋势,即通过实现超越传统课程视域的学科设置、创设符合女性的"时代特质"的课程体系、整合满足社会需要的教学机构,既推动日本女子高等教育走上了一个新的台阶,同时也令自身的改革陷入到了一个可能迷失方向的困境之中。这一新的动态,对于研究日本女子高等教育的转型、探索未来中国教育改革之方向也具有深刻的启示意义。     

新世纪以来中国抗日战争史研究的回顾与前瞻

作为东方主战场,中国抗战为世界反法西斯战争的胜利做出了巨大贡献。相应地,有关中国抗日战争史的研究几十年来取得颇为丰硕的成果。特别是新世纪以来的研究又有了新的进展,但也存在国外史料运用不够、史料运用的不规范、忽视史料解读及军事史的研究等多方面问题。今后抗日战争史研究需要注重海外档案文献的利用与国际间的交流对话,加强多层面、多角度、多方法的研究。