农村五保户的供养现状与思考

农村五保供养是我国农村社会救济事业的重要内容，是社会保障制度的重要组成部分。随着市场经济体制的建立和农村经营管理方式的变化，面临着许多新情况、新问题，需要采取措施逐步加以解决。     

发展股份农场探索新型规模农业的新路子

文章分析了我国农业生产中的家庭均包制经营的产权制度的局限性,认为单一的家庭承包制,难以适应世界农业市场的竞争。实行在产权制度明晰基础上的股份合作制,发展股份合作农场,是现阶段我国发展现代农业、实现适度规模经营的主要路径与发展模式。     

Temporeras and Household Relations: Seasonal Employment in Chile's Agro-Export Sector

Abstract — This paper considers how the growth in non-traditional fruit and vegetable exports has affected female employment patterns and the consequences this may have for household and gender relations. Within export agriculture, there has emerged a demand for specifically female labour, providing rural women with employment opportunities that had not previously existed. The majority of the female workers have only seasonal work and this has led to their designation as temporeras. Through a variety of interview material drawn from the experiences of women living and working in Region IV and VI, the paper seeks to reveal the complexities involved in attempting to conceptualise women's involvement in this emergent labour market. The composition of the household and the level of household income are important factors in determining women's labour force participation. The case studies appear to show that in spite of the hard work and unprotected conditions, working as a temporera is a desirable employment for women. The paper argues that the sweeping changes in the agricultural sector, in which women had previously been marginalised as'unpaid family labour', have created opportunities for them to rework household relations.     

Hukou and land: market reform and rural displacement in China

Scholarship about the Chinese hukou (household registration) system has focused on the advantages and entitlements associated with urban hukou. This paper shifts attention to the key entitlement provided by rural hukou – village land. While early hukou reforms were mainly designed to open up urban labor markets to rural migrants, recent reforms have also begun to open up rural land markets, by replacing hukou-based land rights with market-based rights. These reforms are designed to facilitate land concentration and the transfer of land to outside developers and agribusiness companies, which has been hindered by hukou-based land rights. Underlying the reforms is the government's agenda of promoting large-scale agriculture and urbanization, both of which require the removal of a large portion of the rural population from the land. By focusing on land rights rather than urban benefits, this paper provides a new perspective on the evolution of the hukou system, and highlights the negative implications of recent reforms for livelihood security in the countryside.     

人口年龄结构如何影响住房财富效应？——基于家庭微观视角的分析

人口年龄结构变动与高房价均为我国当前经济社会的重要特征,研究人口年龄结构对住房财富效应的影响对于房价调控、释放居民消费潜力具有较大的现实意义。基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,实证检验人口年龄结构对住房财富效应的影响,结果发现：老年抚养比和幼年抚养比升高显著增强了住房财富效应,且幼年抚养比升高对住房财富效应的影响更大;进一步,老年抚养比和幼年抚养比对拥有大产权房产家庭和低房价收入比家庭的住房财富效应有显著正向影响,但对拥有小产权房产家庭和高房价收入比家庭的影响不显著;并且,幼年抚养比对家庭住房财富效应的正向影响在高房价地区更为显著,老年抚养比对其的正向影响则在低房价区域更显著。     

住房权保障如何可能研究纲要

在公法意义上,早期的住宅自由是基本人权的住房权的雏形。历史经验表明,时代的发展和人权理念的更新不断地将新的内涵注入住房权权利体系。近年来,随着国际国内社会对住房权的普遍重视,在国内层面上如何实现对住房权的法律保障问题渐进凸显。在立法层面,宪法和住宅法应该成为基础与核心,而在司法实践中也应该尝试确认住房权的可诉性,实现对住房权的司法救济。     

新形势下公民迁徙自由的保护及现实路径

在国际社会和各国宪法中,迁徙自由一直作为一项基本权利得到保护。1982年宪法没有恢复1975年宪法删除的公民迁徙自由条款,我国公民迁徙自由经历了肯定——否定——松动的过程,迁徙自由条款的发展变化是和社会发展状况息息相关的,在社会主义市场经济和城镇化进程的新形势下,保障公民迁徙自由、改革不合理的户籍制度成为越来越紧迫的要求。恢复迁徙自由在宪法中的地位,废除户籍登记条例,制定新的户籍法,为保障公民迁徙自由提供法律保障和制度支撑。     

农民工城居子女义务教育问题研究

20世纪90年代以来,农民工城居子女的义务教育问题日益引起人们的关注。农民工城居子女在义务教育阶段存在的问题折射的是体制性问题,与我国的户籍管理、财政制度、税收政策、社会保障、公民权利等一系列问题密切相关。保障农民工城居子女接受义务教育的权利,亟需中央和各级政府更有效地对此承担起责任,为农民工城居子女的义务教育提供制度保障和政策支持。     

统筹城乡发展 引导农民工有序流动——石家庄市农民工流动与户籍改革调查

统筹城乡发展,是解决"三农"问题的重要举措,也是各级政府的一项重要工作.要增加农民的收入,就必须提高农业的生产效率,减少农民的数量,引导农民向城镇和非农产业转移.分析农民工流动的利弊及制约因素,加大户籍改革制度的力度,规范和加强对农民工的管理,在今天具有重要的现实意义.     

关于我国户籍制度改革的新设想

近年来,全国各地要求户籍制度改革的呼声不断,虽然有些地方陆续进行了改革,但是由于改革正处于试验阶段,户籍制度改革面临着难点。原因在于制度上的障碍、利益集团的博弈、资源上的匮乏、政策上的阻碍等。我国应当建立全国统一的户口登记管理制度,实现公民身份的真正平等,注意改革的力度和顺序,在人事、教育、医疗等制度进行相应的改革,剥离现行户籍制度的社会福利和其他社会功能,促进户籍管理的法制化,建立城乡统筹、行政控制和市场推进相结合的体现平等和实现迁徙自由的户籍制度。