改造羁押必要性审查机制的合理化路径

新修正的《刑事诉讼法》第93条对逮捕后羁押的必要性审查作出了规定，这是我国法治建设在人权保障方面的一个重大进步，值得予以肯定。但该条规定过于抽象、笼统，没有细化羁押必要性审查的相关要件。为此，应当进一步明晰羁押必要性审查程序的启动机制、审查对象、审查期限等内容，以使该程序所产生的法律效果和社会效果得到最大程度的发挥。     

浅析拐卖人口案件侦查之买方市场的防控

拐卖人口现象屡禁不止,根本原因之一是买方市场的存在及发展.本研究基于对拐卖人口买方市场存在发展的背景条件以及当前形势和防控难点进行分析研究,指出买方市场组成结构的复杂性与单方面打击不协调等问题.针对当前背景下采取系统作战方式应对拐卖人口新特点的重要性,通过咨询专家、文献研究以及与主要案发地区一线民警深入沟通,给买方市场防控措施提出相关建议,以期望对拐卖人口案件侦查有一定借鉴意义.     

Estimating Individual Contributions to Complex DNA SNP Mixtures.,

High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) of large panels of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provides an alternative or complimentary approach to short tandem repeats (STRs) panels for the analysis of complex DNA mixture forensic samples. For STRs, methods to estimate individual contribution concentrations compare capillary electrophoresis peak heights, peak areas, or HTS allele read counts within a mixture. This article introduces three approaches (mean, median, and slope methods) for estimating individual DNA contributions to forensic mixtures for HTS/massively parallel sequencing (MPS) SNP panels. For SNPs, the major:minor allele ratios or counts, unique to each contributor, were compared to estimate contributor proportion within the mixture using the mean, median, and slope intercept for these alleles. The estimates for these three methods were typically within 5% of planned experimental contributions for defined mixtures.     

The CSI Effect and the impact of DNA evidence on mock jurors and jury deliberations

ABSTRACT

The present research examined the CSI Effect and the impact of DNA evidence on mock jurors and jury deliberations using a 3 (Crime Drama Viewing: low, moderate, high)?×?3 (Evidence: DNA innocent, DNA guilty, no DNA control) design. A sample of 178 jury-eligible college students read a case of breaking and entering. Pre-deliberation, some support for a CSI Effect was found with high viewers’ extent of guilt ratings significantly lower than moderate and low viewers’ in the no DNA control and the DNA innocent conditions. This effect was not present for verdicts. Contrary to a CSI Effect, crime drama viewing was not related to guilt judgments with incriminating DNA evidence. A content analysis of comments made during deliberations found little support for the CSI Effect entering the jury room. Specifically, CSI Effect predictions were not supported when examining the discussion of DNA evidence, expressing DNA opinions, or mentioning missing evidence. Overall, the limited CSI Effect found for individuals was attenuated during deliberation. The alarm raised over a possible CSI Effect influencing jury decision making may be unwarranted.     

America First? Trump,Crime, and Justice Internationally

ABSTRACT

“America First,” as presented by President Trump, argues for an international strategy that persistently places America’s interests above those of anyone or anything else. Consequently, Trump has reshaped the international perceptions of the United States and has created more difficulties for the U.S. in coordinating of global leaders in resolving complex issues in the world. This essay reflects on how Trump and the United States are viewed internationally, the impacts of Trump’s anti-immigrant and pro-White nationalist rhetoric, Trump’s responses to humanitarian crises around the globe, and the potential impact of Trump’s stance on global climate change. Given these considerations, it is questionable whether “America First” policy has made “America Great Again” in the eyes of the world.     

A Positive,Communitarian Right to Security in the Age of Super-Terrorism

Post-9/11, and especially with the dramatic rise of Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the author advocates a collective right to security. Plotting a course through state absolutism and liberalism, one finds communitarianism as a philosophy to support this right to security. The communitarian right to security is based on an interpretation of European human rights law, particularly positive duties of the state, to protect the rights to life of individuals from violations by non-state actors such as suspected terrorists. But for reasons of practical enforcement, limitations to the exercise of the right are also articulated.     

劳动人权与法律规范下的劳动自治

劳动人权是人权的重要内容之一,每个人都享有与生俱来的劳动权利。应当平等保障所有劳动者的劳动人权,以体现劳动价值。在此法律规范下,劳动自治作为意思自治在劳动关系领域的反映,体现了劳动权的契约自由。应允许符合劳动伦理的劳动力自由交易行为。国家应在国际劳工标准基础上,建立与社会物质生活条件相适应的劳动年龄制度,顾及未成年人和退休人员的劳动需求。法律对劳动权利应当保护性限制,而非限制性保护。     

通货膨胀形成过程中的硬核研究

通货膨胀是一国经济增长过程的痼疾,每当通货膨胀发生时,一国政府会采取各种各样的措施加以治理,但往往收效甚微,这就迫使我们更深入地思考其形成原因及相应的治理措施。我们发现,除现代经济学中所论述的通货膨胀的原因之外,还有一个没有被提及的原因,这就是人类的欲望。欲望不但是通货膨胀的原因,而且是重要原因。由于欲望的特性,由此引起的通货膨胀也具有其自身的特点,其治理措施也应有别于其他原因引起的通货膨胀。     

法学视野下的人工器官产品研究

随着生物材料技术、免疫抑制技术、转基因和克隆工程的发展，人工器官正逐渐通过实验研究进入临床应用阶段，为解决器官捐献人不足开辟了新途径。受法律调整的人工器官应当包括人工材料制成的医疗设备和装置、利用干细胞技术培育的人工器官和组织、被敲除与人血不相容的动物DNA片段的动物器官和组织。人工器官与生命伦理密切相关，其造成的损害具有特殊性。警示、召回是人工器官缺陷的主要补救措施。人工器官分配除了应当考虑相对成功率、预期寿命和家庭角色，还应当考虑拟植入候选人的过去服务，以便体现公正原则。     

农民增收的金钥匙:优化分工与提升人力资本

农民增收难,根本原因是农民人力资本存量不足、结构不合理,农民被排斥在较高端的分工与分配体系之外。优化分工、提升农民人力资本能带动农民收入增长,带来财富增长效应与财富配给效应。建议大力发展中小企业,促进区域内专业化分工;放开国内市场,着力发展第三产业;增加教育培训等公共品的提供,引导农民契合较高端的社会分工;鼓励农民增加人力资本投资并保障农民收益。