人力资源能力建设在振兴东北老工业基地中的路径选择

振兴东北老工业基地的关键在于人力资源的开发,尤其在于人力资源能力的开发。本文从观念创新、体制创新、管理创新、组织创新四个方面探讨人力资源能力建设在振兴东北老工业基地中的路径选择,以期对振兴东北老工业基地有所裨益。     

Challenging DNA: Assessment of a range of genotyping approaches for highly degraded forensic samples

It is common in forensic casework to encounter highly degraded DNA samples from a variety of sources. In this category bone and teeth samples are often the principal source of evidential material for criminal investigations or identification of long-deceased individuals. In these circumstances standard STRs are prone to fail due to their long amplicon sizes (since DNA becomes progressively more fragmented as it degrades). To successfully resolve such cases alternative markers can be used and until recently the only other tool available was mitochondrial DNA, which despite being more resistant to degradation, is much less informative. A rapidly developing approach to analyzing degraded DNA is the typing of loci from short-amplicon PCR products based on markers such as mini-STRs and autosomal SNPs. We have performed an analysis of several cases with naturally degraded DNA using established STRs plus mini-STRs and autosomal SNPs in order to make an objective comparison of the performance of each method using challenging DNA. The main aim was to establish the benefits and drawbacks of each marker set to help the practitioner choose the DNA analysis method most suited to the circumstances of each case.     

Comparison of five DNA quantification methods

Six commercial preparations of human genomic DNA were quantified using five quantification methods: UV spectrometry, SYBR-Green dye staining, slot blot hybridization with the probe D17Z1, Quantifiler™ Human DNA Quantification kit and RB1 rt-PCR. All methods measured higher DNA concentrations than expected based on the information by the manufacturers. UV spectrometry, SYBR-Green dye staining, slot blot and RB1 rt-PCR gave 39, 27, 11 and 12%, respectively, higher concentrations than expected based on the manufacturers’ information. The DNA preparations were quantified using the Quantifiler™ Human DNA Quantification kit in two experiments. The measured DNA concentrations with Quantifiler were 125 and 160% higher than expected based on the manufacturers’ information. When the Quantifiler™ human DNA standard (Raji cell line) was replaced by the commercial human DNA preparation G147A (Promega) to generate the DNA standard curve in the Quantifiler™ Human DNA Quantification kit, the DNA quantification results of the human DNA preparations were 31% higher than expected based on the manufacturers’ information. The results indicate a calibration problem with the Quantifiler™ human DNA standard for its use with the Quantifiler™ Human DNA Quantification kit. The possible reasons for the problem are discussed and a solution is suggested. The results emphasise the need for standard reference DNA material and standard methods for DNA quantification.     

The development of visual and chemical methods for predicting the likelihood of obtaining a DNA profile from degraded bone samples

Gross morphology, histology and nitrogen content were examined in bone samples from individuals that had been buried for approximately 12 years in Kuwait and Iraq. The results indicate that the gross morphology and histology are useful indicators of DNA survival. Nitrogen content did not show a significant correlation with DNA preservation.     

Single primer extension (SPEX) amplification to accurately genotype highly damaged DNA templates

High levels of non-authentic sequence data can be generated by traditional PCR-based methodologies when DNA is damaged, template numbers are small and/or the target amplification size too large. We therefore present an alternate methodology based on single primer extension (SPEX) amplification; that places no pre-defined size constraints on amplification and interacts with only one of the DNA strands at the target locus.     

论网络隐私权保护的现实困境及决策应对

随着《侵权责任法》被列为2009年重点立法项目,网络隐私权保护的问题再次摆在了立法者的面前。有效保护公民的网络隐私权,需要法律法规、主管部门规定、伦理道德等外在因素予以支持,同时也需要网络用户和网络服务提供者等网络活动参与者的配合。针对保护网络隐私权遭遇的现实困境,我国保护措施的不足,应从侵权责任主体出发,从他律、道德内化以及自律三方面进行突破,寻求解决路径。     

法医线粒体DNA检测的系统效能及应用价值

线粒体DNA（mitochondrial DNA，mtDNA）遗传标记的检测在法医学实践中有着重要的价值。线粒体DNA异质性的出现，对检测体系的系统效能存在着影响，主要表现在对所检测样本的单倍型的认同及个体识别概率的计算上。通过建立mtDNA数据库，找出异质性在人群中的发生频率，并使检测异质性的方法标准化．对线粒体DNA的更有效检测具有重要意义；线粒体DNA编码区多态性位点在提高线粒体DNA系统效能中具有独到之处。因此，更进一步地进行mtDNA编码区多态性的探索．将进一步提高线粒体DNA检测的系统效能。     

民法上的人与物——对我国物权立法的考察

我国的物权法已经出台,为了使物权法更有生命力,更好地促进人的生存与发展,对既有的物权法的相关规定保持必要的反思与批判也是物权的人文精神的应有之义。因此,本文试图从物权的人文向度、物权立法的人文解读以及现行物权法的人文检讨等方面对此展开讨论。     

刑事救济法律监督机制的构建

在实现刑事司法公正的过程中，救济程序扮演着重要角色，科学严密的救济程序作为刑事诉讼活动的有机组成，能够有效地预防和纠正冤、假、错案。无监督则无公正，刑事救济同样需要检察机关的监督。对包括审前程序在内的刑事诉讼活动全过程中存在的刑事救济程序进行研究，查找存在的突出问题，结合域外相关理论、实践特别是我国检察机关法律监督的具体情况，提出改革我国刑事救济法律监督程序的基本构想，为刑事司法救济程序的研究以及实践打下良好的基础，通过检察机关法律监督的视角阐明检察机关对刑事救济法律监督的具体对策措施。     

人权坐标与死刑废除之关系研究

传统观点认为死刑严重侵犯了人权,要想发挥刑法人权保障机能必须废除死刑。但是,对人权渊源进行考察时可以发现,作为西方舶来品的人权起源和发展得益于基督教,对于缺乏基督教信仰的中国来说,对人权的引进和借鉴必然受到本国内在机理的抵触与检滤。况且,西方国家的人权双重评价标准以及用人权普遍性模糊人权特殊性的做法警示我们人权具有政治性和易变性;即使天赋人权论和社会契约论的主张者也认为生命权并非绝对不可剥夺,当它具有"最严重的罪行"的特质以及在遵循"最严格的刑事程序"基础上就可以被剥夺,这在《公民权利和政治国际公约》中已得以明确。因而,用人权攻讦死刑制度并非妥贴。