Fairtrade labour certification: the contested incorporation of plantations and workers

Fair trade seeks to promote the well-being and empowerment of farmers and workers in the Global South. This article traces the contested growth and configuration of Fairtrade International labour certification, providing a multifaceted and dynamic view of private regulation. I explain why Fairtrade International began certifying large enterprises and how its hired labour strategy has developed over time, illuminating fair trade’s move from peasant to plantation sectors, stakeholder involvement in shaping the growth of Fairtrade labour certification, the internal and external balancing of farmer and worker concerns, and major innovations in Fairtrade’s ‘New Workers Rights Strategy’. My findings challenge the claim that recent market mainstreaming explains the rise of labour certification within fair trade and the more general argument that private regulatory programmes founded to foster empowerment evolve over time to prioritise a logic of control. As I document, Fairtrade International has recently moved to bolster producer power within its organisation and labour rights within its certification programme. My analysis reveals the dynamic nature of private regulatory programmes and the potentially influential role of diverse stakeholders in shaping the priorities of Fairtrade and other labour-standards systems.     

论个体生命和谐与社会和谐

和谐社会必然是一个以人为本的社会,社会和谐的基础是一个个自身和谐的生命体。离开对尘世飘泊灵魂的安顿和终极关怀．离开对现实个体生存价值的卫护和关爱,离开对个体生命精神的激发和张扬,构建和谐社会就失去了目标和动力。     

对取保候审功能传统界定的反思

从司法实践中取保候审的适用情况来看,我国法律及司法解释、部门规章中关于取保候审的规定存在的主要问题包括:取保候审适用标准不明确、期限规定不明确、保证金的收取数额弹性过大、缺乏制度性及程序性保障.立法上的缺失以及司法资源的匮乏直接导致我国取保候审制度在司法实践中的种种弊病.改革和完善我国的取保候审制度,应当从两个方面入手:一是取保候审的权利化;二是取保候审的程序化.权利属性和程序化的取保候审制度在应然层面上主要具有以下功能:人权保障功能、程序保障功能、诉讼效益功能.     

人体带绦虫病诊断方法的研究进展

就目前用于人体带绦虫感染或寄生的常用临床诊断方法,如虫体形态学观察、粪便或肛门拭子涂片显微镜检查、循环抗体ELISA检测、粪抗原ELISA和粪DNA-PCR检测等及其优缺点进行了综述.指出,敏感性高且特异性强的粪抗原ELISA和粪DNA分子生物学检测是今后的发展方向和应重点研究的领域.     

Impact of trade and investment on income surge in Bangladesh: Evidence from trade liberalization regime

Trade and investment are crucial drivers of economic growth. Successful execution of trade and investment policy can elevate a developing country to a sustained growth path and make it self-reliant. Bangladesh implemented a trade liberalization policy in the 1980s, deviating much from its conservative trade policy. This article assesses the impacts of trade, investment in physical as well as human capital, and a few trade policy variables on income surge for the liberalized regime. The econometric analysis finds that export, import, and domestic investment stimulate income. The impact of foreign investment is not conducive. Public spending on education also contributes to the income surge. Among the policy variables, trade openness and currency depreciation produce a beneficial impact. Population growth retards economic growth. The baseline results hold in the estimations involving several specifications of variables and testified as robust. The article views that a comprehensive approach to trade and investment policy would ensure the comparative advantage of trade and the well-being of Bangladesh.     

中国国家人权机构的建立与完善——以《巴黎原则》为基础

自2004年“国家尊重和保护人权”的条款写入宪法以来,完善人权的国内保护逐渐成为人权保障的核心。1993年,联合国大会通过了《促进和保护人权的国家机构的地位原则》（简称巴黎原则）,为各国在国家人权机构的建立和完善方面确立了基本原则。通过对巴黎原则的研究,能够建立起符合国际标准国家人权机构,对人权的国内保护大有裨益。     

人性哲学对交警工作满意度的影响

对北京交警进行人性哲学和工作满意度关系的研究测试,研究表明:北京交警在人性哲学上总体表现为中等水平。工作满意度与愤世嫉俗因子存在明显负相关,与值得信任因子相关不显著。不同年龄组在人性哲学的值得信任和愤世嫉俗因子上的发展轨迹都呈现为"∨"型。工作满意度中工作成就维度和人际关系维度与值得信任因子呈明显正相关;工作条件维度和工资待遇与愤世嫉俗因子呈显著负相关。社会对北京交警的信任与评价和北京交警对社会的信任与评价能够直接影响到北京交警的工作成就感。     

传统人文思想的特点及其现代价值

传统人文思想是中国传统文化的核心与灵魂,其特点是在各种关系中突出了人的重要性。神人关系上,人对神的实用主义态度;人与自然关系上,强调人与自然的统一,利用自然为人造福,突出人的价值;社会关系中,强调以人性为基础的社会准则;它将自然、社会和人视为一个和谐的统一体,以伦理道德为价值取向,追求人格和道德的完善。科学地审视     

中日两国人力资源管理特点的比较研究

随着我国加入WTO,国内企业面临外来企业的冲击,为了能在这种冲击狂潮中生存,中国企业必须尽快建立自己的具有竞争力的人力资源管理模式。比较研究中日两国的人力资源管理模式和特点,可以证明两国的人力资源管理在改革方式、员工素质侧重、员工职业生涯规划、招聘、企业文化建设等方面存在差异。中国的人力资源管理模式还存在平均主义、论资排辈、任人唯亲、官本位等不足,需要中国的企业进行文化建设、设计完整的薪酬体系、加强员工培训及绩效管理等,以有效地促进中国人力资源管理的战略性发展。     

个案工作理论的两个基本问题

以往个案工作理论的基本问题是以人适应外部环境的理论假设为基础，把评估求助者困难的过程视为认识其在适应外部环境过程中所遇到的阻碍。要解决这一问题，就必须研究人的感受方式，并在此基础上构建个案工作理论的新的视角——内部理解法，即从求助者的内部感受出发，借助理解方法分析他人评价在人际互动过程中对求助者感受的具体影响方式和过程。