对律师惩戒制度的思考——以行政处罚和纪律处分为视角

我国的律师惩戒制度由司法行政机关的行政处罚和律师协会的纪律处分两部分组成。在实践中,律师协会并不具有实质意义上的惩戒权,律师协会对律师的纪律处分也缺乏程序救济。通过借鉴国外律师惩戒制度的经验,赋予律师协会统一行使惩戒权并由司法行政机关进行监督,以完善我国的律师惩戒制度。     

论刑事责任的定位

关于刑事责任在刑法中扮演何种角色,我国刑法学界众说不一。刑事责任应该是一种司法机关强制犯罪者承受的刑事惩罚或单纯的否定性评价的负担。在与罪行和刑罚的关系上应该采取罪———责的模式,只有这样才能理清罪、责、刑的关系,才能更好地定位刑事责任,才能够更好地指导司法实践。     

治安管理处罚的谦抑性探析

刑罚中应用比较普遍的谦抑性原则在行政处罚领域却鲜有提及,这对控制同样是我国对公民权惩处方式的行政处罚而言是不足的。而在与刑罚衔接最为密切的行政处罚种类治安管理处罚中,其调整对象、指导理念和行为要求方面却都有谦抑性的要求和体现。研究治安管理处罚的谦抑性,首先表现为治安管理处罚权的设定和存在必须谦抑,其次是治安管理处罚权的行使和调处过程要体现谦抑。     

严格适用免除刑罚规定——兼谈对刑法第37条的理解

免除刑罚的适用必须遵循以犯罪事实为依据、以刑法规定为准绳的原则,正确选择多功能从宽量刑情节,充分考虑适用免除刑罚的必要性。刑法第37条是关于非刑罚处罚方法的概括规定,在不具有具体的免除刑罚情节的情况下,不宜直接依据该条规定对被告人免除刑罚,防止滥用自由裁量权。     

广州市学校卫生行政处罚现况分析

目的:分析广州市学校卫生行政处罚现况,探讨新时期学校卫生监督执法的发展形势和工作重点.方法:纳入全市卫生监督机构自2018年1月1日至12月31日查办且已结案的学校卫生行政处罚案件135宗,分析案件的案由、主体、处罚内容分布等.结果:2018年广州市学校卫生行政处罚案件案由主要分布于教学和生活环境卫生专业(56.3％)...     

德国刑法中的双重罪过立法及其对我国的借鉴意义

德国刑法中的双重罪过立法主要是指罪过由对行为的故意与对结果的过失组合而成的故意犯罪的立法,主要分布在公共危险之犯罪中,共涉及20余个罪名。双重罪过立法严格贯彻了明确性原则、责任主义和刑罚个别化,体现了较为鲜明的法治立场。我国刑法总则把罪过形式的判断根据明确限定为"危害社会的结果",但分则对部分犯罪的罪过形式规定不明确,致使难以解释抽象危险犯的罪过形式,在侵害犯和具体危险犯上难以贯彻责任主义,同时无法消除罪过形式解释上的混乱。从德国刑法中的双重罪过立法来看,在完善我国刑法中的罪过立法时,不仅应当满足判断罪过形式的实际需要,更应当注重贯彻法治对刑法的基本要求,同时还应坚持刑法文本的逻辑性和适度性。     

Gender differences in the evaluation of aggravating and mitigating circumstances: the mediating role of attributional complexity*

At the penalty phase of a capital trial, jurors endorse and weigh aggravators and mitigators. The purpose of the current studies was to examine how gender differences in attributional complexity relate to endorsements of aggravators and mitigators. In Study 1, undergraduate participants read definitions of aggravators and mitigators and rated the extent to which circumstances were aggravating or mitigating. In Study 2, a death qualified community sample read a trial summary, rated the extent to which aggravators and mitigators were present in the case, reported whether mitigators outweighed aggravators, and rendered a sentence. Results indicated that gender differences in mitigator endorsement were mediated by attributional complexity, and that gender differences in sentencing decisions were serially mediated by attributional complexity, mitigator endorsement, and aggravator and mitigator weighing.     

270起医疗机构卫生行政处罚案件分析

在芜湖市医疗机构不断发展壮大的同时,存在着许多医疗违法情况,然而政府监管及处罚措施单一,因此需进一步加大对医疗市场的监管和处罚力度,为广大人民群众的健康保驾护航。本文通过分析芜湖市卫生监督所近3年时间查处的部分医疗机构违法案件,掌握目前医疗机构存在的一些违法问题,为进一步探讨高效的医疗机构监管措施提供依据。     

对一起公共场所从业人员健康证明过期案件的分析与思考

公共场所直接为顾客服务的从业人员必须持有效健康证明上岗,经营单位未组织从业人员进行健康体检而安排其上岗,将面临卫生行政处罚。但在实践中,由于执法人员卫生监督、监测或案件调查取证所采取的方式方法存在一定的瑕疵,卫生行政处罚案件往往也存在一定的风险。本文旨在通过一起公共场所从业人员健康证明过期案件的分析研究,谈谈该案在事实和证据方面的认定问题及此案给卫生行政执法人员所提供的借鉴。     

A comparison of wrongful convictions in death penalty cases between China and the United States

In recent years, both China and the United States (US) have discovered numerous wrongful convictions, including several cases in which innocent people have been sentenced to death. These discoveries have led both countries to reform the death penalty but the extent and nature of the reforms in each country have been greatly different. This article explores the similarities and differences between the nature of wrongful convictions in death penalty cases in China and the US. It will also compare the reforms undertaken in each country. On the whole, the US has made greater progress in the prevention and correction of wrongful convictions involving the death penalty, especially in the areas of evidentiary rules and post-conviction review. In order for China to match America's success, it is necessary that China adopt more substantive reforms. China should learn from America's experience and should continue to adopt international standards of criminal justice, such as due process rights, the presumption of innocence and the exclusion of illegally obtained evidence. In the interim, China should immediately suspend all executions until adequate reforms can be carried out. Ultimately, China should surpass the US in criminal-justice reform and in the field of human rights protection by completely abolishing the death penalty and creating a more effective mechanism for criminal punishment.